Exam paper---read the requirement I send you carefully Essay

Test paper - read the prerequisite I send you cautiously - Essay Example This composing will concentrate on business sectors that are completely serious in nature. This composing will concentrate on different qualities of totally serious markets and how purchasers and venders carry on in such markets. The main segment of the task will concentrate on the response of merchants to changes popular for their merchandise and enterprises. The second segment of the composing will look into the attributes of a completely serious market with the qualities of New York Stock trade (NYSE). Body According to the law of interest when the interest for an item expands, the cost of the item even raises and bad habit section. Because of these adjustments popular the minimal income that is being earned by a specific industry even changes. So as to examine the progressions that associations in a totally serious market understanding because of changes popular for an item, let us expect that the item being sold is bread. Let’s accept that as per research, eating earthy c olored bread helps people in forestalling diabetes. Such disclosures emphatically sway the interest for specific item. Let’s expect that the bread business is a totally serious industry and is as of now encountering since quite a while ago run balance at a cost of $1.7 per portion of bread and the estimation of the monetary benefit is identical to zero. Figure 1 Figure 1 is a portrayal of short just as since quite a while ago run change experienced by a firm just as market under immaculate rivalry. The figure shows that in the event of market the cost of a portion of bread is $1.7 when the amount requested for the item is at Q1 and if there should be an occurrence of an association that sells portion of bread the market cost of $1.7 is the organization’s minimal income which is at MR1. The figure shows that as of now there is just a single association in the market. Since the new exploration proposes that there is medical advantage of earthy colored bread, the interest for earthy colored bread expands which is delineated in figure 1 through a move in the interest bend from D1 to D2. Because of this expansion sought after, there is an expansion in the cost of the item and the cost of the item lifts from p1 ($1.7) to P2 ($2.3) and this prompts an increment in the minimal income of a solitary firm working in a market from MR1 to MR2. Because of this expansion in cost, the association even builds its yield from q1 to q2 so as to fulfill shopper need in the short run (Douglas, 2011, p.615). Notice that the concealed locale speaks to the monetary benefit that is experienced by the association in the short run and comparable benefit will be experienced by different firms in the market in the short run. Since the market is totally serious in nature and there are no hindrances to section or leave, the high stream of financial benefit will draw in more associations to enter the market so they can even win the benefits being offered by the ongoing increment sought after. New association s will enter the market and this would prompt an expansion in the amount provided by the whole business as an ever increasing number of associations will enter the market, increasingly more flexibly will lift. New contestants will keep on entering the market as long as their passage is bringing about a financial benefit. Figure one portrays a move in the gracefully bend from S1 to S2 which is an impression of more firms entering the market. Because of this expansion in gracefully, the cost of the portion of bread will begin declining in the more drawn out run

The Rule in Turquands Case free essay sample

The regulation of Indoor administration, prevalently known as the Turquands rule at first emerged somewhere in the range of 150 years back with regards to the precept of useful notification. The principle of productive notification of a companys open records was, obviously, abrogated tentatively. The standard was incompletely directed by down to earth need people contracting with an organization were not expected to invest their energy watching that any necessary goals had appropriately been passed, at gatherings that had been effectively assembled, by chiefs whose arrangements had been properly made. The standard in Turquands Case can work corresponding to any legally binding commitment yet has throughout the years often been brought up in regard of a record to which the companys seal has been attached. Teacher Gower, summing up the custom-based law position in 1969, expressed: [Where] the outsider gets a report fixed within the sight of the fitting people as expressed in the articles of affiliation, he is qualified for depend on its conventional legitimacy. We will compose a custom paper test on The Rule in Turquands Case or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Regardless of whether the board have never settled that the report be fixed, he will be secured for he isn't qualified for see the minutes of the executive gathering which identify with a matter of indoor administration and has no methods for checking whether the inside guidelines have been agreed to [1] . In India, under the Indian Companies Act 1956, the standard has been perceived under s-290 and impliedly under s-81. The rule of indoor administration is one of equity, value and great still, small voice and has developed out of the idea of Agency. The Indian Courts have been applying the Doctrine much of the time and altering as per the case close by. The Paper looks to answer how far the Turquand Rule has been instrumental in ensuring the interests of pariahs executing true blue with an organization. An undertaking has likewise been made to discover the utilization of the standard and its consequences in the cutting edge setting. Indoor administration: A direct opposite to Constructive Notice guideline The organization is a fake legitimate individual. Its items and forces are set out in the reminder and articles of relationship as altered every once in a while. The update and articles, when enrolled, become open reports and can be investigated by any individual from general society at the workplace of the RoC under Sec. 610 of the Companies Act on installment of an ostensible expense. Accordingly, every individual who ponders going into an agreement with an organization, has the methods for finding out and therefore attempted to know, the specific forces of the organization as well as to the degree to which these forces have been appointed to the executives and of any constraint set upon the activity of these forces. Each individual managing the organization is regarded to have a helpful notification of the substance of its reminder and AoA. Subsequently, if an individual goes into an agreement which is past the forces of the organization, as characterized in the update, he can't procure any rights under the agreement against the organization. This standard end up being unreasonably badly designed for business exchanges and upset the smooth progression of business. The rigors of the standard was, in this manner, lightened by the legal declaration in Royal British Bank v Turquand, and the principle of 'indoor administration filling in as a halfway special case to the teaching of 'productive notification. While the regulation of productive notification looks to secure the organization against the pariahs, the head of indoor administration works to ensure the outcasts while managing the organization. As per this teaching, as set down in the Royal British Bank case, people managing an organization are will undoubtedly ask into the consistency of any inner procedures. As it were, while people contract with an organization they are qualified for expect that the arrangements of the Articles have been seen by the officials of the organization. It is no piece of the obligation of an outcast to see that the organization does its own inward guidelines. It is adequate if the demonstration isn't ultra vires. The principle of useful notification works against the individual who has neglected to ask. In any case, the precept of indoor administration can be summoned by the individual managing the organization and can't be conjured by the organization. The instance of Royal British Bank v Turquand The case denotes the very beginning of the idea of the convention of Indoor administration. For this situation the Directors of the Company were approved by the articles to acquire on securities such wholes of cash as ought to every once in a while by an exceptional goals of the Company in a regular gathering, be approved to be obtained. A bond under the seal of the organization, marked by two executives and the secretary was given by the Directors to the offended party to make sure about the drawings on momentum account without the authority of any such goals. At that point Turquand tried to tie the Company based on that bond. In this manner the inquiry emerged whether the organization was at risk on that bond. The Court of Exchequer Chamber overruled all complaints and held that the bond was authoritative on the organization as Turquand was qualified for accept that the goals of the Company when all is said in done gathering had been passed. The significant part of the judgment of Jervis C. J. peruses: The deed permits the chiefs to obtain on security such total or aggregates of cash as will every once in a while, by a goals went at a comprehensive gathering of the organization, be approved to be acquired : and the replication shows a goals went at a regular gathering, approving the executives to get on security such wholes for such periods and at such paces of enthusiasm as they would consider practical, as per the deed of repayment and Act of Parliament; however the goals doesn't characterize the sum to be obtained. That appears to me enough We may now underestimate that the dealings with these organizations dislike dealings with different associations, and the gatherings managing them will undoubtedly peruse the rule and the deed of settlement. In any case, they are will undoubtedly accomplish more. Also, the gathering here on perusing the deed of settlement, would discover, not a disallowance from getting but rather a consent to do as such on specific conditions. Finding that the authority may be made finished by a goals, he would reserve a privilege to construe the reality of a goals approving what on the essence of the report have all the earmarks of being truly done. (accentuation provided) The Rule in Turquands case The instance of Royal British Bank v Turquand [2] , refined the fundamental Common law of Agency to explain the Doctrine of Indoor Management. The standard was articulated by the Court to moderate the rigors of the Constructive Notice Doctrine. Its significance emerges in circumstances in which the third partys dealings are with some official or operator other than the Board. The standard secures the enthusiasm of the outsider who executes with the Company in accordance with some basic honesty and to whom the Company is obligated. The standard articulated in the choice is regularly alluded to as Turquands rule and indoor administration rule. The significance of the standard is that people managing restricted risk organizations are will undoubtedly enquire into their indoor administration and won't be influenced by inconsistencies of which they had no notification The standard articulated in Turquand has been applied as a rule in this way and for the most part so as to ensure the interests of the gathering executing with the Directors of the Company. Applying the standard, presently it can not be contended that an individual having dealings with a Company is considered to have notice of who the genuine Directors are, and this being appeared by open reports I. e. he registers of the executives required to be kept up by the Company and the and the notification of changes. To put it definitely, where an operator was acting obviously reliably with the Companys constitution, the outsider was not influenced by any inside inconsistency. For example, the absence of divulgence of a Directors enthusiasm for the Board as required by the articles, sine he was unable to find whether such exposure had or had not been made [3] . Outsiders didn't have notice of issues not on register. Just real notification of the inconsistency would influence him.

Payam - Strategic Information Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Payam - Strategic Information Managment - Essay Example Along these lines, data that goes into the framework must be broke down at different levels, as per the undertaking association prerequisites. In this manner, the conversation about the best data framework (IS) to be incorporated is basic so as to help the dynamic procedure (Lucey, 1997). This contextual investigation takes a top to bottom gander at Optical Filters Ltd. (OFL), an organization that is endeavoring to improve its business request procedure to all the more likely fulfill its clients. With an end goal to improve its procedures and increment piece of the overall industry, the organization has chosen to return to their business destinations (for example the manner in which they decide), to discover better approaches for conveying the significant data continuously. 2 Optical Filters and Business Model OFL is a world head in the structure and production of EMI-protected and differentiate upgrade windows. The organization was built up in 1988 in the United Kingdom (UK), and ha s stayed a family-possessed and worked business. Its capability lies in optical skill and the dry film cover of plastic and glass channels for presentations and walled in areas. OFL is based out of Thame, Oxfordshire and is enlisted to ISO9001:2000 for the structure and assembling of items to upgrade shows. The organization right now supplies its items to the aviation, safeguard, and security enterprises. OFL utilizes roughly 40 representatives in its UK offices with a turnover of near ?6 million every year (Optical Filters, 2010). 2.1 Business Model and Strategic View OFL has been a significant provider of warmed glass to 3M and BAE Systems, which have been the company’s two biggest clients. The organization is engaged with a high-assortment, low-volume business (Naylor, 2002). Therefore, because of the idea of creation, OFL should consistently utilize skilful gathering administrators and specialists to finish deals orders. There are three significant destinations OFL center s around when adjusting its clients: Quality items with serious cost On-time conveyance Short lead time Strategically, the business has revealed anticipating increment its piece of the pie in both the UK and the United States (US). This objective is the essential explanation behind building up successful client communication methods. To make this a reality, the organization understands its picture and execution must be changed. OFL must concentrate on the accompanying two essential goals of IS advancement: Improve the data stream over the association to make a perceivability about deals orders, creation limit and materials the executives To improve OFL’s notoriety, in term of conveyances, quality, and shorter request handling time These destinations are in accordance with the key choice and plans for the following monetary year. The connection between the above targets and the methodology that must be followed in the IS configuration to help and increase the value of what the y are endeavoring. 2.2 Business Environment In request for a business to be effective, it is significant for the organization to consistently be aware of the general condition that impacts its business. As featured by Porter (2003),

What to Look For in Best Essay Writing Services

What to Look For in Best Essay Writing ServicesEvery student has the ability to write a wonderful essay and an essay is the best writing tool one can have. The truth of the matter is that students need to have the ability to write good essays and without good writing skills, it is almost impossible for them to get accepted in college or for that matter, win an award.Writing a good essay does not necessarily mean that one needs to go through the very long process of rewriting your essay. However, it is also true that most students find it necessary to read up on the topics they are going to write about. It is best that they prepare for this kind of topic by seeking help from a good essay writing services.One of the things that is most important in writing is to have good knowledge of the topic one will be writing about. Sometimes, the topic one chooses to write about is very well suited to help you write a very nice essay. However, if it is something that is new for you, it is best th at you get in touch with the best essay writing services to help you out. This is the best thing that you can do for yourself.One of the ways that one can find the best essay writing services is to ask a number of them. These services are available all over the country and therefore, there is no excuse for you to not know which one to choose. You can even search online for the companies that offer good service and this is one of the best options that you can consider.You should also pay attention to the policies of these companies so that you do not waste your time. The best essay writing services should have policies that make sure that you will be able to follow what they want you to do.The first thing that the best essay writing services should do is ask you questions about the topics that you are going to write about. They should make sure that you are not afraid to answer these questions. They should also look at the topic before they begin working with you.The best essay writi ng services have an online discussion forum where they are able to contact you and ask you some questions that they need to ask you before they begin writing the essay for you. This forum will also allow you to post questions so that you can get the answers you need to give your essay a great start. Most of the best essay writing services also offer telephone consultations so that you are able to ask the company all the questions that you may have.You should be able to speak to a representative of the best essay writing services and they should be able to answer any questions that you may have. This is something that you should be able to accomplish by consulting the best essay writing services online.

Free Nursing Essay Samples on License Requirement For LPNs

Free Nursing Essay Samples on License Requirement For LPNsIn this article we are going to talk about the most important factor of nursing essay samples: License Requirement for LPNs. An LPN is a registered nurse or a licensed practical nurse and it is one of the easiest job in the world because you can work from home and you can earn a good amount of money on the side. However the question remains: can you do the job in your free time?The answer is yes, but the first thing you need to think about is whether you can actually do the job. Is it really worth the effort? Can you give 100% dedication to a job that requires you to go out of your home every single day for two or three days per week? Remember that it is not an easy job and if you really want to make a difference in the world and earn big bucks, you must give it your all.Free Nursing Essay Samples on License Requirement for LPNs is a great help in providing you with a head start so that you can prepare yourself for the test. Y ou can find free sample solutions on the Internet but you have to be careful about the quality of the materials they provide.There are many times when poor quality resources will end up giving you wrong information. For example, if they will tell you to choose the correct testing company before the test. When the test is over and you are not able to get the results from any of the testing companies, your idea about which company was the best will be useless.Because most of the time, testing companies will use different formats and methodologies in administering the tests, it is only natural that you will get confused about the right format or method to use on the test. However, remember that the free samples are not good enough to help you out when it comes to choosing the right hosting company.Usually, these free sample essays will give you a false sense of security since they will make you believe that it is just a matter of spending some time on the Internet and choosing the prop er company. But the truth is that the only way to succeed in this kind of project is by doing all the research work yourself and this is where you will fall short.Of course, there are also benefits of getting the right essay on the required subject. First of all, it will prove to your employer that you really have the determination to work hard and the will to make a difference in the industry. And if you are able to complete the required tasks perfectly, then you will be able to build a good reputation as a part of the team and as a member of the nursing staff.So you see, if you want to succeed in the nursing field, then you have to study the free sample that will help you prepare well. Your personal and professional reputation will always count the most and you cannot afford to loose it.

Application of Ethics and Morality Theory in Healthcare - 550 Words

Application of Ethics and Morality Theory in Healthcare (Essay Sample) Content: Application of Ethics and Morality Theory in HealthcareNameAuthorCollege affiliationDateApplication of Ethics and Morality Theory in HealthcareJohn Stuart Mill theory on ethics and ethical decisionsJohn Stuart Mill developed the utilitarianism theory, which states that the actions a person takes are correct as long as the actions geared towards promoting general happiness or pleasure among the greatest number of people and the actions are considered to be wrong if they make a great number of people unhappy. This theory focuses mostly on the consequences of actions rather than the rights or ethical sentiments. According to the theory, actions taken by individuals should be guided by a desire for sympathy for fellow human beings, thus the goal of utilitarianism is to maximize the happiness of others. Morality comes before the rules. For example, if there is a person who kills and makes a society unhappy, it is morally right to kill that person if killing the person will make the society happy (Mill, 2018).Lawrence Kohlberg theory of personal ethics and moral developmentUnder Kohlberg theory, the morality of a person develops either negatively or positively depending on how that individual accomplishes the various tasks before him or her during various stages of moral development in an entire lifespan. He grouped the moral development into pre-conventional morality stage, conventional morality stage, and post-conventional moralitystage (Walrath, 2011).In pre-conventional morality stage, use of punishment is important in determining the moral value of a person. People do what is right for fear of being punished. For example, people obey laws and rules for fear of being jailed. Also under this stage, people judge morality based on how it satisfies the individual's need (Walrath, 2011).In conventional stage, a person moral morality judgment is based on the roles they play in the society and social expectations of the society. Finally, under the post-c onventional stage, a person makes moral decisions by relating them to the universal principles. They collect opinions and views from other persons before making a decision. A person also will consider universally agreed ethical principals in making a decision. The judgment is usually innate and there is a very high probability that they might violate the set rules and laws if they are convinced that their actions are right (Walrath, 2011).Comparison of John Stuart mill and Kohlberg theories on morality and ethicsMill's theory focuses on the good of every person and his view of the moral action is premised on what the person thinks is the best actions for a majority of the persons while Kohlberg believes that what a person did through various developmental stages determines their moral actions. Mill's theory depicts that a moral action is dictated by circumstances in which a person finds himself or herself while Kohlberg believes that it is innate and developed throughout the entire lifetime. However, both theories agree that people act morally for the good of the others and in line with society expectations. Rules and laws should not be the basis for moral judgment rather actions that are for the good of others in moral decision ma...

Alcoholism A Common Co Occurring Disorder - 1628 Words

Alcoholism Alcohol is the most commonly abused drug in the United States. Alcohol abuse is defined as a pattern of drinking that results in failure to fulfill responsibilities at work, school, or home; drinking in dangerous situations; having recurring alcohol-related legal problems; and continued use despite having medical, social, family, or interpersonal problems caused by or worsened by drinking (APA, 1994). Approximately fourteen percent of people experience alcohol dependence at some point during their lives (Kessler et al., 1997). Alcohol dependence refers to a more serious kind of alcohol use disorder and involves three or more of the following: tolerance, withdrawal, drinking more over a longer period of time, inability to cut down or stop, spending a great deal of time drinking, and giving up important social, recreational or occupational activities (Cunha, 2014). Co-occurring Disorder Bipolar disorder and alcoholism is a common co-occurring disorder. The combination of both of these diseases is dangerous. Many people with bipolar disorder use alcohol to treat their symptoms of bipolar. Alcohol and other drugs can have a negative effect on those suffering from bipolar disorders. It can trigger or prolong bipolar symptoms. It may increase the risk of mood swings, depression, and suicide. Bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that is characterized by an extreme fluctuation in mood from a very joyful attitude to severe depression. It is a form ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on Pharmacotherapy in Drug Addiction1382 Words   |  6 Pagesremoves the craving an individual has for a cigarette. A few common side effects are weight loss, nausea, and headaches. A more sever side effect is suicidal thoughts and seizures (Healthwise, 2009). Bupropion is a good use to help curb the appetite of a smoker. However when used in correlation with nicotine replacement therapy the pharmacotherapy success is much higher. Bupropion has also been used in treatment for the co-occurring disorder of depression and in children with ADHD. One of the old schoolRead MoreAlcohol Abuse Essay 171300 Words   |  6 Pagessharing a drink together. However, because drinking is so common in our society, realizing you or a loved one has a drinking problem can be a challenge.   The consequences of alcohol abuse are serious. Alcohol abuse causes extensive damage to your health, your loved ones, and society. It results in thousands of innocent deaths each year, and exacerbates situations involving violent crimes and domestic violence. Social drinking is common and popular is many cultures all over the world. In severalRead MoreRelationship Between Mental Health And Addiction1470 Words   |  6 Pagessomeone you love is seeking treatment for a substance abuse related disorder in addition to a psychiatric disorder, you will come across two terms in your research: co-occurring disorders and dual diagnosis. Right off you may be more concerned about simply getting help for your addiction. Maybe it has caused you to lose your job and your family is in tatters. It s important to note that when substance abuse and mental illness co-occur specialized treatment is needed. First, however, you must understandRead MoreFactors That Can Be Addressed As An Addiction Counselor854 Words   |  4 PagesWhen assessing individuals for co-occurring disorders there are two cross-cutting issues that must be addressed as an addiction counselor. The first most important cross-cutting issue to identify is suicidality. It is considered mo re a behavior that is high risk, than a mental health disorder. Suicidality has shown through research that those who commit suicide have substance abuse or co-occurring disorders which can be diagnosed early. 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An Assesment of Indomie Noodles Tv Commercials on School...

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study The assessment of Indomie noodles TV commercials among children is diverse and it has attracted or resulted to this research. Television as a means of communication is widely believed to be the most persuasive and effective medium. This is facilitated by the unique features of television which is the combination of sight, sound and motion. These features account for the diverse viewer ship. Robert Reed (2007) defines television according to the federal communications commissions as the synchronous transmission of visual and aural signals. The picture phase is accomplished by sending or rapid succession of electronic impulses which the receiver transforms into scenes and images.†¦show more content†¦It will enable the organizers of the TV commercials to know how children of Ansarudeen Nur/Pry School see Indomie Noodles commercials, and also help them to know if their aims of organizing the commercial are met. Students, the media, researchers, scholars, audience, Indo foods , and the society at large stand to benefit a lot from the finding, of this study. 1.5 Research Questions Nwaorgu (1991), research questions are these questions posed by the researcher, seeking answers to which would lead to the solution of the problem. Research questions have to provide focus and direct attention to the major issues in the study. This study is therefore, guided by the following research questions. ïÆ'Ëœ Do Indomie noodles TV commercials have any impact on children of Ansarudeen Nur/Pry School? ïÆ'Ëœ Do the children of Ansarudeen Nur/Pry School find the programme educating? ïÆ'Ëœ Do children Ansarudeen Nur/Pry School believe what they see on the Indomie TV commercials? ïÆ'Ëœ How often do children of Ansarudeen Nur/Pry School watch Indomie TV commercials? 1.6 Scope/Delimitation of the Study Nwaorgu (1991) said that the scope of study refers to all those aspects of the study the researcher deliberately eliminated off the study due to certain reasons. It has to do with the content areas coverage of the study, not the geographical areas coverage. This researcher set out to make an assessment of Indomie Noodles TV

Write About the Ways the Difficulties of Love Are Explored...

Charlotte Bronte’s novel, â€Å"Jane Eyre† and William Shakespeare’s play, â€Å"Much Ado about Nothing†, both focus on the themes of love; â€Å"Jane Eyre† was written in 1851, the Victorian era whereas â€Å"Much Ado about Nothing† was written in 1599, the Elizabethan era. Although there may be over hundreds of years between them, both texts exhibit the ways the difficulties of love can be explored. Both texts imply that there will be difficulties as the relationships are established. Charlotte Bronte presents a flourishing relationship between Jane and Mr Rochester; this is evident when Mr Rochester says ‘â€Å"My cherished preserver good night!† Strange energy was in his voice. Strange fire in his look.’ Charlotte Bronte uses passionate language to†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"In mine eye, she is the sweetest lady ever I looked on.† Again this really highlights the attraction Claudio has for Hero is purely the result of, first, physical beauty and, second, the desire to marry a noble and virtuous woman. While Claudio can’t be faulted for desiring such qualities in a wife, it is telling that he is ready to marry her after only this first meeting and that he goes to Leonato, not Hero herself, to purpose marriage. This makes the audience doubt the relationship between Claudio and Hero as it’s based only on attraction. Similarly between both texts they both introduce antagonistic characters that pose problems and difficulties to the development of the relationships. Charlotte Bronte develops Jane and Mr Rochester’s relationship slowly, which may make readers doubt the relationship, foreshadowing the trouble ahead. Bronte uses the technique of pathetic fallacy to highlight trouble unravelling further on in the novel. â€Å"The great horse-chestnut at the bottom of the orchard had been struck by lightning in the night, and half of it split away†. This quote ends the chapter of Jane and Mr Rochester’s proposal. Bronte used nature several times in the novel to underline the approval or disapproval of a situation. In this scene, as soon as Jane accepts Mr Rochester’s proposal, a bolt of lightning strikes the chestnut tree causing it to split in half, representing the trouble that lies ahead

Positive Impact Of Nelson Mandela - 1254 Words

Haseeb Sial Ms. Poll Global Studies Honors December 11, 2017 Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela was a great leader of South Africa. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born in South Africa on July 18, 1918. He was an anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist, who was the first black and democratically elected President. Before Mandela was elected president, South Africa was a country with a white supremacist government, ruled by apartheid. There were racial tensions between whites and blacks, both races hated each other. Blacks were uneducated and most of them were poor and had little food. Nelson Mandela had a positive impact towards South Africa because he ended apartheid, unified South Africa and helped those less†¦show more content†¦In 1964, he was found guilty of sabotage and treason and spent three decades in the Robben Island Prison. Mandela turned the prison experience into an ANC school, teaching other blacks about politics and other freedom fighters like Gandhi (Lockard 959). Nelson Mandela fought against apa rtheid for years with protests/strikes and by leading the ANC. Nelson Mandela unified South Africa by using sports and the Truth Reconciliation Committee. Through sports like rugby, Mandela brought South Africa together. Rugby was mainly seen as a white game. Even today, it attracts mainly white supporters, and most of the players are white. In 1995, there were still fears about the policies the government would adopt in regards to the treatment of white people. Mandela showed white South Africans that there was no cause for worry and that they would be included in the new South Africa. The Springboks (the name of the national rugby team) were hated by the blacks, he used this opportunity to unify the blacks and whites. At a rally he put on a Springboks hat, he supported the team every step of the way and encouraged South Africans of all races to get behind the Springboks (Bartleby.com). The Rugby World Cup was held in South Africa in 1955 and South Africa won so the whole countryShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of Nelson Mandela893 Words   |  4 Pagesas a unified population. Nelson Mandela was a key figure of someone who wanted equal rights and would do whatever it takes to achieve that goal. The South African people initially did not have any decision on politics, where they lived, occupation, and etc. Nelson Mandela, who was a part of this South African population, followed his beliefs to eventually change these laws for his people. Even Nelson did not have the full rights as a human, but that never stopped him. Nelson and his people wanted theRead MoreNelson Mandela s Influence On Human Rights945 Words   |  4 PagesNelson Mandela is a world renowned activist that was imprisoned for twenty seven years in a South African prison, because of a system of racism known as â€Å"apartheid† which discriminated against blacks living in South Africa at the time. Since his release from prison, apartheid has since been abolished in South Africa and he was elected President of that country. Nelson Mandela had a positive impact on human rights by standing up against racism in his country as well as many others around the worldRead MoreBiography of Nelson Mandela 1355 Words   |  6 Pageslive in a way that responds and enhances the freedom of others† says Nelson Mandela. (cite) Mandela lived by these words and showed it in many ways. Nelson Mandela changed the world by ending apartheid, positively influencing others, and creating and supporting multiple charities. 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In this paper, I will focus on the themes of racism, human rights, and power and how history makers such as Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela, and Mahatma Gandhi (just to name these few) helped to redress them to an extent and how theirs efforts shape contemporary events. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was born on 15 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia and is one of the most remembered Human RightsRead MoreThe Transformational Leader1099 Words   |  5 Pagesperformance. Transformational leaders have to believe they can have a positive impact on others and use their actions to convince others that they can be leaders too. Nelson Mandela died this week at age ninety-five and he left a legacy as one of the most important leaders in modern history.Throughout Nelson Mandela’s life, â€Å"many of his defining moments involved acts of compromise, pragmatism and reconciliation† (Myre, 2013). Nelson Mandela used different opportunities to reach out to people who were not

Against Animal Cloning - 1063 Words

Against Animal Cloning The welfare of animals should be considered when thinking about cloning and artificially creating new animals, but those who want to clone animals disregard any repercussions that would arise from any harmful effects on the animals. In this case, a primary animal could go literally extinct because of how humans are either invading their environment or even killing them. Animals are less likely to survive as clones. Animals should not be cloned because there is no guarantee of having a perfect clone, there might be an extinction of the primary animal, and there is a similarity in humans and animals. Cloning involves extracting DNA from a living animal and placing it into surrogate mothers who will carry the clone pregnancy. This is unnatural, and can lead to complications to the mother because of this process. There is always a high risk when cloning animals, abnormalities can occur, deformations are possible, and there is no guarantee that both the surrogate and the clone will live a healthy life or provide as healthy and hearty livestock. Cloning reduces the chances of an animal living a longer and healthier life like a natural-born animal. So many things could go wrong when it comes to cloning. We have seen examples of this in movies such as Jurassic Park. In the film of Jurassic Park, they though it would be a great idea to bring back dinosaurs that are harmless so they could benefit science and we could learn about our past. Once the dinosaursShow MoreRelatedCloning Right or Wrong? Essay1336 Words   |  6 PagesCloning Right or Wrong? Have you ever heard of cloning before? Well it has a lot of ups and its downs, many people are against it and many are for it? 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The disadvantages of cloning is that there had been many attempts at cloning and the results have been numerous deformations and abnormalitiesRead MoreThe Ethics of Cloning Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Richard Dawkins â€Å"Cloning may be good and it may be bad. Probably its a bit of both. The question must not be greeted with reflex hysteria but decided quietly, soberly and on its own merits. We need less emotion and more thought† (Dawkins, 2011). Cloning is a general term used to describe the replication of biological material (Cloning Fact Sheet, 2009). Throughout this paper the reasoning behind why cloning is an acceptable an d potentially life changing science will be examinedRead MoreThe Ethical Implications Of Cloning1265 Words   |  6 PagesCloning is the process of making copies of individuals that occur in nature such as bacteria, insects, plants, invertebrates or vertebrates. The copy is called clones. Clones are genetically identical to their original parent. 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Currently, cloning is an interesting topic that could become a new way to improve reproduction of animals and humans, prevent diseases, and increase theRead MoreThe Cloning Of The Sheep1749 Words   |  7 PagesName: Lanster Yang Teacher: Mrs. DeGregorio Course: English III Date: 8 May 2015 Human Cloning Cloning of Dolly the Sheep was a first on many fronts. First, it represented the first mammal ever to be cloned from a somatic cell. It also sets a benchmark on which to evaluate other animal cloning experiments going forward. Secondly, her cloning was the start of controversy and panic in regards to animal cloning, as it raised the question of whether scientists would seek to clone humans too, and theRead MoreThe Cloning Of The Medical Field Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesThe idea of cloning used to be considered science fiction, that was until dolly was made. In the late 90’s Scottish scientist, Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell along with colleagues from the Roslin Institute accomplished the first cloning in history -Cloning is basically creating a copy of something, but in genetic cloning means creating an identical copy of existing DNA (of an organism)-. The final object was named Dolly, born on July 5, 1996 she was the first clone to be produced from a mammal cellRead MoreA nimal Cloning Debate Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesAnimal Cloning Debate A clone is a genetic copy of another living organism –animal, plant or human. Animal cloning is a widely discussed issue in our society today. The question now is whether the Australian government should ban animal cloning. Many opinions are generated from this subject, such as the justifiability of cloning, and how far it should go. Religious views are prevalent, so too are numerous ethical concerns. The issue of whether or not the government shouldRead MoreThe Cloning Of Human Cloning1006 Words   |  5 Pageswhat is cloning? Cloning is the process of making a genetically identical organism through the use of a DNA sample. There are three different types of artificial cloning: gene cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Dolly, the sheep, was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. There is a specific procedure that has to be followed for a clone to be made. Over the course of time, scientists have been able to clone many different types of animals. There areRead MoreCloning as Solution to Food Shortages and Needs for New Medicine1436 Words   |  6 Pagesthat there could ever be a solution to these issues. Cloning could be one of the many solutions to the problems that are afflicting the world as we know it. But that has many people wondering what exactly cloning is, and, more importantly why people do it. Knowing what cloning i s, why people do it, and other opinions and feelings about cloning could help us solve these issues. To clone means to create a genetic copy of another organism. Cloning depends on there being two cells, one of a female’s

Shostakovich Symphony No. 4 free essay sample

Classical music has taken over my life. Not a day of the week goes by without some sort of required activity involving classical music. I think that this exposure has been rubbing off on my personal life, since if you look on my iPod, youll find more Chopin than Taylor Swift. You can then imagine that when my dad told me he had two box seat tickets to see the Philadelphia Orchestra at the Kimmel Center, I was absolutely ecstatic. There was, however, a minor detail. My father didn’t tell me, nor did I ask, what was being performed, until it was too late. When I did ask, he did not know, so I logged on to the Kimmel Center website and began scrolling through the different performance dates. My eyes lit up as I saw names like Beethoven, Tchaikovsky, and Holst, and I became more excited about the performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Shostakovich Symphony No. 4 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Then, I reached the date of our concert. My heart sank. Shostakovich, Symphony #4. I immediately recalled that my music teacher hates Shostakovich’s compositions, but I pulled up a recording of this mystery piece anyway hoping that my music teacher and I had a difference of opinion. As the xylophone rang out to announce the beginning, quickly followed by a muddled horn reply, I had to turn it off and my enthusiasm for this excursion faded. This composition was complete and utter atonal chaos. My first trip to the Kimmel Center was going to be an absolute horror. Eventually, the day of the concert came and while the novelty of this trip did restore some of my initial excitement, Shostakovich remained a dark cloud hanging over the whole event. On the other hand, I did not want to spoil this father-daughter outing, so I didnt let my aversion toward the music show. We arrived at the Kimmel Center early, so while waiting for the doors to open, I read the playbill cover to cover. I paid special attention to the section about the dreade d symphony, about which I learned many things in that small span of time. First, the symphony was over an hour long. I also read that it was bold. I’ve gathered that in the musical world, this is a way of saying that it does not fit the usual definition of melodic. I think that in the regular world, this means it is just weird. Even Josef Stalin walked out of a performance of one of Shostakovichs earlier works, which he criticized as being Muddle instead of Music.† When I read this I very nearly suggested to my Dad that we just leave the Kimmel and get cheese steaks in South Philadelphia. Instead, I held a carefully neutral expression as my Dad and I entered the hall. An hour and a half later, we emerged. I wish I could say that I suddenly had a revelation in hearing it live which magically changed my opinion, but honestly I still disliked the symphony. While the classical music I love has clear themes and strong melodies, I have absolutely no idea what Shostakovich meant to do. On the other hand, sitting through that marathon of a piece allowed me to appreciate what Shostakovich did. I may have hated the dissonances themselves, but the way that each instrument in the orchestra passed the moving line from one to another was interesting to follow from one side of the concert hall to the other. The bombastic chords played by the massive orchestra in full punctuated a playful dance between horns and winds. I then recalled the playbill and the history which served as the context for this composition and I could imagine the struggle of the citizens of the Soviet Union as they faced an uncertain future under the fierce rule of Josef Stalin. On the way home, my Dad and I discussed the hour long musical epic. I did not think it was the type of thing he would like. He did not like it, but he reflected on how the music sounded inside the concert hall and how he was impressed with the way the music felt in the floor and in the seats. For him, being there with the performers made all the difference. The quality of their presentation, the beauty of the space, and the historical background took music that I know we both hated and elevated it to an experience we could both admire. As we got closer to home, I decided that this ‘horror’ and ‘chaos’ was only considered so because of my preconceived and limiting notions of good music. While remaining completely out of my area of interest, and certainly not on any of my playlists, I learned to give Shostakovich my appreciation and respect.

Child and Adolescent Health Case Study of Emma †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Child and Adolescent Health. Answer: Introduction This essay will reflect on a case study of Emma, a 3-month old girl whos brought in the emergency department by her mother, Jamie. On examination, Emma is noted to have difficulty to rouse and does not remain steady when her vital signs are taken. Shes noted to have bruises on her body but her mother insists that she rolled off the couch. The case will be discussed from the child and adolescent abuse point of view. General knowledge regarding what constitutes infant abuse and some of the findings that would show signs of child abuse and neglect will also be discussed in the write-up. Professional responsibility of a nurse in identification and reporting cases of child abuse if suspected will be presented, alongside potential impacts of abuse on the development and well-being of a child. Child maltreatment or abuse is a serious problem in the development and well-being of an infant, which negatively affects not only the physical health but also the mental health of a child (Bancroft et al., 2011). Although the definition of child abuse varies from one author to the next, Bancroft et al., (2011) describes child abuse as the act of commission or omission, by an individual responsible for the well being of that child such as a parent or a caregiver who endangers their physical and emotional development. Although in some scenarios the cases of child abuse can be isolated, there are countless cases which occur over a specified duration. Child abuse can either be sexual, physical, emotional or neglect. In the recent past, some publications have included witnessing a family violence as another form of child maltreatment (Geller et al., 2012). Obtaining a reliable data regarding the prevalence of child maltreatment has been very difficult, because in most times the cases are not reported, or may have been reported a very long time ago after the first abuse has occurred. This can be constituted by varied parameters that literature uses to define child maltreatment, as well as the different methodologies to collect information like the differences in the definition of what child abuse is all about. As of late in Canada, there are no studies concerning the widespread of child maltreatment and neglect (Radford et al., 2013). While the legislation and data regard to children protection exists, such data is more likely to be incomplete as well as inaccurate. Because the data presented may only reflect the cases that have been reported to the authorities, that can be contained or where the risks of infants harm have been accessed to be high. Research has shown that abuse can have a tremendous impact on the physical health as well as the development of a child. For instance, analysis of the National Longitudinal Survey of infants and children showed that children who are exposed to child maltreatments have much lower health status and more health conditions/ problems compared to those not exposed (Howell, 2011). Additionally, we know that children exposed to child abuse demonstrate post traumatic stress, behavioral problems, low self-esteem, as well as capacity for empathy. Its also understood that exposure to child abuse can lead to a host of problematic challenges and behaviors that may go up to teenage hood if not addresses early. Since not every child exposed to maltreatment sufferers both immediate and long term negative impacts, such exposure increases the likelihood that an adolescent will demonstrate behavioral and emotional problems. According to verlien (2010), theres increased danger for the development of relationship trauma or complex trauma because traumatic experiences are seen within the aspect of care giving, the same area where a child would expect to have both safety and comfort. Complex trauma is that which occurs continuously and cumulatively over a specified period as well as within certain aspects and relationships. verlien (2010) argue that the experience of complex relationship trauma like chronic exposure to child abuse can lead to loss of critical capabilities for self-control as well as interpersonal relatedness which puts infants at higher danger for future problems. The impact of such experience is controlled by some factors such as age, gender circumstances of the abuse, personality, plus the extent of support systems you can count on. Besides, the critical significance of the mental health of a child in such scenarios and the potential long term ramifications for such infants still go unrecognized in the majority of the professions that respond to the issues of child abuse (Sousa et al., 2011). These results are felt across key areas of human functioning; cognitive, emotional, behavioral and social. Sousa et al, (2011) postulates that there are two key areas of concern which relate to the future development and well-being, neither of which can be alienated from the state of a childs relationship with a close caregiver. They include the development of attachment plus the emotional regulation of distress. Emmas case demonstrates a high possibility of child maltreatment. Although thorough interviews, as well as physical and mental examinations, need to be done to discard the suspected child maltreatment, some of Emma's findings strongly indicate child abuse. She presents several small, oval shaped bruises to her torso and bruising behind her head. Although bruises are common accidental injuries that a child can sustain during normal day to day operations, they are also a manifestation of maltreatment (Stanley, 2011). Bruises are predominantly on the shins and legs unlike in the case for Emma where they are on her torso. Bruising is not common in areas including the buttocks, the back, forearm, abdomen/hip, cheeks /face, hand, posterior leg or upper arm. Besides, bruising to the hands is very rare among infants, and in case an injury is noted, a clear explanation for the injury should be sought. On the other case, Stanley (2011) also argues that accidental bruises to the head are very c ommon around the forehead, upper lip, chin, or nose in contrast to the abusive bruises which are found on the cheeks, neck, ear, or peri-orbital region. Childs abuse not only involves attention to cause physical damage or harm, not providing necessities such as food and water but also health care and hygiene can constitute to a child maltreatment in the form of Neglect (Stanley, 2011). Neglect can have adverse effects on the health as well as the development and well being of a child. In Emmas case, the bruises on her occiput can be due to tripping or a hit on the ground with the back of her head or a fall from the sofa as per mothers explanation. This can happen as a result of negligence or lack of proper care to the child by the care giver. A 12-hour history of vomiting and lethargy and lack of energy during investigation plus seizure in Emmas case are indicators of child negligence which amounts to maltreatment. However, early recognition and intervention of such factors are crucial especially in the process of avoiding further victimization of an infant. They can also increase the likelihood of adolescents recovering from maltrea tment and neglect. According to Wildeman (2010) nurses are the first-hand healthcare officers in contact with the patients seeking health care. Due to this, it's of great essence that nurses understand pretty well the primary role they play in identifying, recording, as well as reporting suspected cases of abuse and neglect, especially to the children and adolescents. Since the definition of a child abuse can vary from one state to the other, any suspected cases of child and adolescent abuse or Neglect should be reported within the shortest time possible as Wildeman (2010) puts it. In Canada for instance, the report of suspected child maltreatment is a mandatory particularly for those professions that deal with the kids directly such as Nurses and teachers. According to Wildeman (2010) nurses who fail to report cases of child Neglect or maltreatment might be at risk of facing legal consequences like a jail term of not less than ten years. As per the literature, some of the barriers that prevent nurses or any other health professional from reporting cases of a child abuse include; fear of being identified as the principal source of the claim particularly in small communities where people live close to each other (Yount et al., 2011). Another fear could be a wrongfully suspect or report abuse, which may cause discomfort to the children and their caregivers/parents, as well as the risks of legal consequences not only for the departments where the nurses work but also for themselves. Yount et al., (2011), hold that the key reason manifested by health workers who fail to report cases of child maltreatment or neglect is due to lack of proper training in identifying an infant and adolescent abuse. Studies have shown the need that educational programs have in recognizing and preventing child maltreatment or neglect. Nurses have a moral obligation of reporting suspected cases of child abuse so that further investigations can b e done to access whether theres a situation that can cause danger either to the physical, psychological or emotional integrity of a child (Taft et al., 2011). The consequences of not reporting these cases by a nurse are more dare for the infant than the impact of reporting when theres no Maltreatment. Conclusion In this essay, we have shown that child and adolescent maltreatment or neglect is a serious problem affecting almost every society globally. Child maltreatment as discussed above can have dire consequences in the children going through abuse, that impact either short or long term physical, emotional, psychological, social development or the well being of a child. The consequences of child abuse depend on age and growth of the child at the time the abuse takes place as well as the support of the society after the maltreatment is reported. Resilience can act as a tool to reduce the cases of child abuse. As demonstrated in the case study, evaluation and further examination of Emma's condition can be a possible case of child maltreatment or neglect. Although Nurses plays a critical role in identifying possible cases of child abuse, every other person's input to the matter can help in a quick recovery for the children who suffer ill-treatment or neglect and are still unidentified. References Bancroft, L., Silverman, J. G., Ritchie, D. (2011). The batterer as parent: Addressing the impact of domestic violence on family dynamics. Sage Publications. Geller, A., Cooper, C. E., Garfinkel, I., Schwartz-Soicher, O., Mincy, R. B. (2012). Beyond absenteeism: Father incarceration and child development. Demography, 49(1), 49-76. Hester, M. (2011). The three planet model: towards an understanding of contradictions in approaches to women and children's safety in contexts of domestic violence. British Journal of Social Work, 41(5), 837-853. Howell, K. H. (2011). Resilience and psychopathology in children exposed to family violence. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(6), 562-569. Moylan, C. A., Herrenkohl, T. I., Sousa, C., Tajima, E. A., Herrenkohl, R. C., Russo, M. J. (2010). The effects of child abuse and exposure to domestic violence on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Journal of family Violence, 25(1), 53-63. verlien, C. (2010). Children exposed to domestic violence: Conclusions from the literature and challenges ahead. Journal of Social Work, 10(1), 80-97. Radford, L., Corral, S., Bradley, C., Fisher, H. L. (2013). The prevalence and impact of child maltreatment and other types of victimization in the UK: Findings from a population survey of caregivers, children and young people and young adults. Child abuse neglect, 37(10), 801-813. Sousa, C., Herrenkohl, T. I., Moylan, C. A., Tajima, E. A., Klika, J. B., Herrenkohl, R. C., Russo, M. J. (2011). Longitudinal study on the effects of child abuse and childrens exposure to domestic violence, parent-child attachments, and antisocial behavior in adolescence. Journal of interpersonal violence, 26(1), 111-136. Stanley, N. (2011). Children experiencing domestic violence: a research review. Dartington: Research in practice. Taft, A. J., Small, R., Hegarty, K. L., Watson, L. F., Gold, L., Lumley, J. A. (2011). Mothers' AdvocateS In the Community (MOSAIC)-non-professional mentor support to reduce intimate partner violence and depression in mothers: a cluster randomised trial in primary care. BMC public health, 11(1), 178. Wildeman, C. (2010). Paternal incarceration and children's physically aggressive behaviors: Evidence from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Social Forces, 89(1), 285-309. Yount, K. M., DiGirolamo, A. M., Ramakrishnan, U. (2011). Impacts of domestic violence on child growth and nutrition: A conceptual review of the pathways of influence. Social Science Medicine, 72(9), 1534-1554.

Sample Essay - Do You Have a Ticket in Your Hand Where Will You Go?

Sample Essay - Do You Have a Ticket in Your Hand Where Will You Go?You have got a ticket in ur hand where will you go? Who will give you a break? We all know that the most common problem of those who have been behind the wheel of a car is that they end up looking at themselves and comparing them to others. But when it comes to public transportation, most people are very comfortable with the idea of relying on someone else to take care of their own transportation needs.And there are many of us who do not like asking other people for help. The problem with this is that if the problem is as simple as getting on the bus or train, you will be able to determine who to ask for help very easily. There is one person in particular who should be able to get you out of this mess: yourself.The first question you need to ask yourself is 'what am I going to do?' The second question you need to ask yourself is 'who am I going to ask?' As soon as you can figure out these two questions, you can get on with your question of the day, which is...Do you have a sample essay? If you don't, that's fine. There are lots of free writing resources online. If you can get access to a course or perhaps a teacher on the subject, great!Okay, now let's move on to a good question: how can you make this happen? To start, you need to have something to write about. By this I mean a real story, or some sort of experience that gives you a little bit of insight into how this works.If you are more creative than you may be comfortable with, that's completely fine. Whatever you feel is most comfortable for you. The key is to create a story, or describe a situation in as much detail as possible, to make sure that it is honest and true.Writing an essay is not as easy as it sounds. It takes practice and it is definitely not something you can expect to do in an hour or two. That's okay; all you need to do is to work on the essay in the proper order.The first question you need to ask yourself is 'what am I goi ng to do?' The second question you need to ask yourself is 'who am I going to ask?' The third question you need to ask yourself is 'where will I go' and the fourth question you need to ask yourself is 'why? '.

Ch 2 The Theory of Production, Cost and the Firm Essay Example

Ch 2: The Theory of Production, Cost and the Firm Paper 2.4 The theory of production, cost and the firm In the production process, firms turn inputs (or factors of production) into outputs (or products) via a process of transformation using the available technology. Inputs can be divided into three broad categories: labour (L), capital (K) and materials (M); and can further divided into subcategories such as: skilled and unskilled labour, fixed and flexible capital and so on. For example, a wind turbine manufacturer uses inputs which include the labour of its assembly workers, engineers and the entrepreneurial efforts of its managers; capital, such as its buildings, equipment, inventories and materials such as steel and fibreglass; and other running costs such as electricity and water. It is worthwhile highlighting that in addition to commodities such as steel, petroleum, cement and so on, raw materials can be thought to include environmental inputs such as waste water and the atmosphere, especially as firms are being faced with paying fo r access to the environment as a pollution sink. This relationship between inputs and outputs can be described by a production function – which relates the output Q for every specified combination of inputs: (2.4) Just as the theory of consumer choice describes the consumption decisions of the individual through the interaction of indifference curves and the budget line, the theory of production describes the behaviour of the firm by the interaction of the isoquant and isocost curves respectively (Figure 2.3). For graphical simplicity, the following discussion will limit the number of inputs to two. Two examples will be developed using the framework in Figure 2.3, one modelling the relationship between capital and labour, and a second modelling the relationship between capital and GHG emissions, exemplifying how ‘the environment’ may be considered a factor of production. An isoquant is a downward sloping convex (to the origin) curve which shows all the possible combinations of inputs (in our first case, labour and capital) that can yield the same output (Q). An important difference to the theory of consumer choice is that while indifference curves can only give ordinal rankings of preferred market baskets, isoquant curves have a quantitative measure associated with them – thus also give a cardinal ranking. A set of isoquants, or isoquant map, describes the firm’s production function. We will write a custom essay sample on Ch 2: The Theory of Production, Cost and the Firm specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ch 2: The Theory of Production, Cost and the Firm specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ch 2: The Theory of Production, Cost and the Firm specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In Figure 2.3 Q 50 gives all the combinations of labour and capital that yield 50 units of output a year. Q 100 lies above and to the right of Q 50 because it takes more of either labour or capital or both to obtain a higher level of output. Figure 2.3 The theory of production Note that labour and capital are flows, meaning a firm uses a certain amount of each factor over a period of time. Isoquants highlight the flexibility that firms have when making production decisions – for example, a shortage of cheap, low, skill labour may result in increased automation of the production process using capital, or the import of labour intensive components from low-wage countries. Thus isoquants are another way of describing the substitutability between factors of production. The slope of the isoquant at any point measures the marginal rate of technical substitution (MRTS) – the ability of the firm to substitute one factor of production for another while maintaining constant output. This tells us that the productivity that any one input can have is limited. As a lot of labour is added in place of capital (say, as the firm moves from point b to point c in Figure 2.3) the marginal productivity of labour falls and the MRTS decreases. (2.5) The relative slopes between isoquants can also be used to demonstrate the law of diminishing returns. For example, in the short run, capital is often difficult to expand. In Figure 2.3, as the firm moves from A to B to C it applies only more labour to achieve greater output. At each point the slope of the isoquant can be seen to flatten out, showing there are diminishing returns to labour. Conversely, if the firm were to expand output using only capital, moving from E to D to C, and as the MRTS increases the productivity of capital falls and that of labour rises, showing that there are diminishing returns to capital. Because adding one factor while holding the other constant eventually leads to lower and lower increments to output, the isoquant must become steeper, as more capital is added in place of labour, and flatter when labour is added in place of capital. The relative slopes of different isoquants also reflects the nature of the technology embodied in the production process. For example, a relatively flat isoquant reflects a production process where the marginal productivity of capital is very high – to keep producing the same amount one less unit of capital requires a large amount of labour to replace it. For example, this might be the case in an industry using DNA sequencing technology, which requires large computers to process vast quantities of information with relatively little labour input. Conversely, a steeply sloping isoquant suggests a high marginal product of labour and a large investment in capital to replace relatively small amounts of labour to maintain production. This would be common in labour intensive industries such as some textiles or fruit and vegetable harvesting. In the last example, one factor of production was held constant while the other was increased to demonstrate the law of diminishing returns. What if more than one input was allowed to vary? The measure of increased output associated with increases in some or all inputs is fundamental to understanding nature of the production process. There are three main cases: Increasing returns to scale are said to exist when a proportional doubling of inputs leads to more than a proportional doubling of outputs. For example, this could arise because the increased size of the firm allows greater specialisation of workers which boosts productivity and enables the use of larger, more sophisticated machinery. In these cases it is economically advantageous to have a small number of large firms supplying the market at a relatively low cost, than many small firms, at relatively high costs. These are typical characteristics of the electricity supply sector. Constant returns to scale are said to exist when an increase in inputs leads to the same increase in outputs. In this case, the size of a firm’s output does not affect the productivity of its factors. With constant returns to scale, one plant using a particular production process can be easily replicated, so that two plants produce twice as much output. For example, a large company which supplies sandwiches might provide the same service per customer as a small company and use the same ratio of capital (store space) and labour (kitchen and service staff). Decreasing returns to scale exists when an increase in inputs leads to a less than proportional increase in outputs. Decreasing returns arise in large scale operations when the difficulties of increased complexity associated with the management of a large operation begin to introduce inefficiencies leading to reductions in the productivity of both labour and capital. Just as consumption behaviour is not determined only by consumer preferences, but also be the budget line; production is not just determined by the isoquant line. Firms face costs when using factors of production, these are represented by the isocost line. This shows all possible combinations of labour and capital that can be purchased for a given total cost (C). (2.6) and (2.7) The formula for the isocost line is given by equation (6) and is determined solely by the relative price of labour (w) and capital (r). It describes the combinations of labour and capital which can be combined at the same cost. For example, if the wage rate was  £10 per unit and interest rate  £5 per unit, then a firm could replace one unit of labour with two units of capital with no change in total cost. It is the interaction between the isocost and isoquant curves which provides us with a description of the firm’s optimal production level and mix of inputs. In Figure 2.2, suppose a firm has decided it wishes to produce at Q100. Isocost line nm gives the total cost of the factors of production to yield this amount and intersects the isoquant at points b and c, each with their respective combinations of labour and capital. However, the same amount of output can be produced at a lower cost along isocost line rs at point a. If we can assume the rational behaviour of the firm is to minimise costs for any given level of output in order to maximise profits, it follows that the firm will use the combination of inputs where the slopes of isoquant and isocost curves are just equal. At this point, the production of an additional unit of output costs the same, regardless of which input is used. It is worthwhile to briefly question how realistic is the assumption of profit maximisation? For small firms, which are managed by their owners, profit is likely to be a major objective, however other ojectives such as provision of a particular nonprofit service or lifestyle for the proprietor maybe also important. In larger firms, where managers have little contact with the owners (such as stockholders) there is likely to be even greater deviations from profit maximisation. For example, managers may be more concerned with revenue maximisation in order to expand growth, firm size and prestige; they may also seek to maximise dividend payouts to shareholders or short-run profit (perhaps to earn a large bonus or to take a larger proportion of revenues in salary) at the expense of longer-term profit which seeks to maximise the value of the stream of profits over time. Thus the profit maximisation assumption has several potential serious weaknesses – and as noted by Alan Greenspan following the 2008 collapse of the banking system: â€Å"those of us who have looked to the self-interest of lending institutions are in a state of shocked disbelief†. The weakness of this central assumption – what Greenspan terms a â€Å"pillar of competitive markets† means that care must be taken when assessing what exactly markets are maximising and regulations put in place to support market abuse. In theory, firms or managers that do not place profit maximisation at the heart of their business are unlikely to survive and will become either take-over targets, or sacked by their boards respectively. However, in practice because markets are characterised by the diffuse nature of share ownership and weak corporate governance, problems regarding the goals and management of the company can go undetected creating systemic problems for the stability of markets (Kay, 2012). This model can now be used to predict the effect of relative price changes among the factors of production on output. Changes in factor prices can occur for many reasons, be it movements in commodity prices, such as for oil; changes in interest rates; collective union agreements pushing wages up; or improved technologies which bring down the cost of inputs, such as in computing. For our example, instead of using labour as factor 2 we will use the atmosphere’s properties to absorb GHG pollution as a factor of production. This assumes that property rights to the environment can be adequately defined. In this case an energy production firm is required to face the costs it imposes on others through its pollution. This is the case in example 2 of Figure 2.3, where the imposition of a price on GHG emissions is shown by the inwards rotation of the isocost curve from zx to zy. When the carbon price is increased for every tonne of GHG emissions the firm must pay the government an environmental charge. It is no long possible to produce Q50 at the same cost and the isocost line rotates inwards to reflect the higher price for factor 2. The shift in the point of profit maximisation from point e to g can be separated out into an income effect and a substitution effect. The substitution effect, shown diagrammatically as the shift from point e to h and gives the decline in the quantity of emissions (from f2 e to f2 h ), and the increase in the capital (from f1 e to f1 h – a cleaner production technology, such as carbon capture and storage, for example), required to maintain output at the same level. The income effect (from point h to g) reflects that the firm now has less money to spend on inputs as it has to pay the government the carbon fee, and represents the fall in use of the environment (from f2 h to f2 g ) and fall in the use of capital (from f1 h to f1 g ) associated with having less money available to it. There are a couple of insights we can draw from this – the first is that the more the factors of production are substitutable, the easier the firm can deal with its GHG pollution without using the atmosphere as a waste sink and the more effective the fee will be in reducing pollution. Second, the greater the degree of substitution, the more easily the firm can avoid the effluent fee. 2.5 Technology and the production function To model more clearly the role of technology on the production process we can set out a production function. The production function describes the optimal combination of inputs and outputs for any given technology, across all levels of outp ut (i.e. points e and a, and so on, for each feasible isocost and isoquant curve). Technology in this context is understood to be a given state of knowledge about how to transform inputs into outputs. In Figure 2.4, a standard production function is shown where the increased use of inputs begins with increasing returns to scale (over the range a to b), transitions into constant returns (around point b), then into decreasing returns (from b to d) and then finally the situation of negative returns to scale is shown for output beyond point d. As technology becomes more advanced and is absorbed by the firm, the form of the production function changes as the firm can obtain more output for any given set of inputs. For example, improvements in nanotechnology may allow a producer of photovoltaic cells to supply a greater number of solar arrays each month for any given combination of labour, capital and raw materials. This is shown in Figure 2.3 as the shift from Q tech1 to Q tech2 . In Figure 2.4 (a) the shape of the average and marginal product curves are shown, which are closely related. When the marginal product is greater than the average product, the average product is increasing, and when it is less than the average product, they both are falling. When the marginal product crosses the axis, output is maximised at point d and d’ respectively. This happens because an additional unit of input adds so much to the complexity of management, that it actually slows down the production process. Note that even though the law of diminishing returns to scale still applies as we move along Q tech2 , it sets in at a higher rate of output and input. This is an important insight, which explains why, although there are diminishing returns to both labour and capital, output has been able to expand preventing the economy from falling into the so-called Malthusian trap. Next Page – Ch 2: The Cost of Production Previous Page – Ch 2: Equilibrium – the Basic Neoclassical Model and Extensions

9th Grade Science Fair Projects

9th Grade Science Fair Projects 9th grade is the first year of high school, so 9th graders might be competing against older students in a science fair. Even so, they stand every bit as good a chance of excelling and winning. The key to success is choosing an interesting project that doesnt necessarily take a lot of time to complete. 9th graders have a lot going on, so seek an idea that can be developed and completed over the space of a few weeks or less. The quality of the presentation is very important  since high school students are expected to be familiar with word processing programs and printers. Give some attention to the quality of the poster. Be sure to cite any references used in developing the experiment. 9th Grade Science Fair Project Ideas tooth whiteners s of chemicals to try would include hydrogen peroxide solution, dilute hydrochloric acid solution, dilute isopropyl alcohol solution, fruit juice. Some of these agents are thought to be able to loosen the seed coat surrounding the plant embryo.hair conditioner - Use a microscope to determine whether hair conditioner affects the condition of hair (either comparing brands or comparing with conditioner to without-conditioner). Try to get empirical data, such as a diameter measurement of each hair strand and the distance a strand can stretch before it breaks.What is the best way to store bread to keep it fresh the longest time? What things can you do to improve the efficiency or effectiveness of your clothes dryer or water heater or any device? For example, can you take actions or make changes that will decrease the length of time it takes your dryer to get a load of towels dry?Does listening to music while you study affect your ability to memorize facts?Does the presence of smoke in the air affect plant transpiration?Does eye color affect peripheral vision? Supposedly people with darker eyes tend to have wider pupils for a given amount of light than people with light-colored irises. If you have a more open pupil, does it give you measurably better peripheral vision? Another idea to test would be to see if you have the same peripheral vision in bright light as compared with dim light.acid snow? - You know about acid rain, but do you know the pH range of snow? If you live in an area with snow, test its pH. How does the pH of snow compare with the pH of rain from the same region?What methods of preventing soi l erosion work best? For example, what is effective at preventing erosion in your yard? What can you do to reduce noise pollution in a room? What factors contribute to noise pollution inside a residence?seed viability - Is there a test you can perform to predict whether or not a seed will germinate? What factors can you measure that might be used to construct a test?Does an external magnetic field have any noticeable effect on animals such as brine shrimp, cockroaches, or fruit flies? You could use a strip magnet and containers of sample organisms and make observations to address this question.Is the brightness of glow-in-the-dark (phosphorescent) materials affected by the light source (spectrum) used to make them glow or only by the intensity (brightness) of the light? Does the light source affect the length of time a phosphorescent material will glow?Can you affect vitamin C (or another measurable vitamin) levels in juice (or another food) by adding a preservative to the juice?What is the best thickness of insulation for preventing heat loss?Is light bulb lifespan aff ected by whether the bulb is run at full power? In other words, do dim bulbs last longer/shorter than bulbs run at their power rating? What type of box material gives you the best sound for your speaker?When comparing different brands of batteries, is the battery that lasts the longest at a high temperature the same brand that lasts the longest at a cold temperature.

Risk Management in Rapid Linear and Linear PMLC Assignment

Risk Management in Rapid Linear and Linear PMLC - Assignment Example Implementing the Rapid linear project management life cycle model instead of linear project management life cycle model however has associated risks that I seek to explore in this paper. One of the involved risks in implementing the Rapid linear project management life cycle model instead of the linear project management life cycle model is the possible confusion that may arise from the required extensive documentation. The manager may therefore miss the most important aspects of the management process because of demanded attention by the documentation process and the documented information. Loss of creativity in a project is another risk that is associated with the Rapid Linear PMLC model and arises from the rigid scope of the model that reduces the project manager and project team members to instruments for implementing designed processes rather than creative resources for improving project process and products. The associated complications in disintegrating project functions are another risk of the model and may lead to mistakes and inaccuracies in project implementation (Wysocki 28; Wysocki n.p.). The model’s swim lane operational approach also identifies risks of ineffectiveness and excessive wastes in event of paralyzed process in one lane. Concurrent implementation of process may also lead to wasted resources is one phase fails. Under the linear model, such a failure would mitigate losses by suspending subsequent processes but such measures may not be possible because other processes in the rapid model will be underway. Reliance on same personnel for operating the different phases of a project, in the rapid model, is another risk factor because personnel may be held up in one department and fails to attend to an emergency in another department. The tight schedule of the model that seeks to complete a project within the shortest time possible also poses the

Marketing Story Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Story Analysis - Essay Example At a deeper level, however, one can find the existence of international marketing strategy, brand image and strategic retail management. 2. Analysis a. Retail Management One of the major and all-encompassing marketing concepts highlighted by this article is that of retail management and consumer behavior. The U.K, like its developed counterparts, is facing a change in its demographics with a skewed population pyramid (KPMG, 2013). The so-called â€Å"ageing population† translates to changing customer habits based on age. In the middle of such a transition, retailers such as Tesco are finding it difficult to adapt to such changes in customer behavior. This transition has given way to increased significance of one-stop convenience shopping as elder individuals find themselves difficult to visit several stores for buying food and non-food products (SAS, 2013). This is one of the most important aspects of retail strategy which requires companies to build store formats based on the needs of the target market (Gilbert, 2003). For instance, IKEA has adapted to customers’ needs for buying furniture for their first apartment (Castella, 2012). Furthermore, it caters to customers’ need to engage in one-stop shopping for their home by offering a maze-like retail format whereby customers walk through virtually everything before getting down to the product they intended to buy (Tozer, 2011) . The article demonstrates just how the â€Å"space race† is no longer important as it used to be. In fact, multi-channel strategies, as the author puts it, are the basis for such advantage in the contemporary world. This points to the area of retail format development which involves the development of a new format of stores for the existing customers with a different retail mix (Levy & Weitz, 2012). In the context of Tesco, this means making the shopping experience more convenient for customers. Tesco has strictly adopted the multi-channel strategy by having T esco Express, Metro, Superstores and Extra in its pipeline of stores (Doyle, 2008) (West et al., 2006). These outlets fulfill different market needs ranging from being located near to customers’ place of residence or work to offering ready-to-eat meals in City Centers. Another way of viewing the same is to understand the shift from the traditional bricks and mortar store format towards digital/online presence (Bernstein et al., 2008). b. E-commerce and multi-channel strategy The scope for e-commerce has been highlighted in the article by claiming that, owing to busy work schedules, individuals are now flocking towards online shopping which has already increased by over 8% in Britain with respect to Tesco. Even successful traditional companies such as Wal-Mart are now offering e-shopping in addition to their traditional services (Rosenbloom, 2013). However, given the fact that virtually all major retailers have adopted this perspective, one may challenge whether or not the mul ti-channel strategy can guarantee a â€Å"sustainable† competitive advantage in today’s world. Further contradiction arises from some authors who have claimed multi-channel strategies to be obsolete. According to them, the â€Å"channel† perspective is being replaced by the â€Å"touch-points†

Leader-Member Exchange theory of leadership Essay Example for Free

Leader-Member Exchange theory of leadership Essay The Leader-Member Exchange theory of leadership (Also known as LMX, LMET or Vertical Dyad Linkage Theory) is a type of leadership theory that focuses on the dyadic relationship between leader and follower where the leader treats individual followers differently, resulting in two groups of followers—an in-group and an out-group. The in-group consists of a small number of trusted followers with whom the leader usually establishes a special higher quality exchange relationship. The out-group includes the followers with whom the relationship of the leader remains more formal. It focuses on increasing organizational success by creating positive relations between the leader and subordinate (follower). The theory asserts that leaders do not interact with subordinates uniformly. ‘In-group’ followers perform their jobs in accordance with the employment contracts and can be counted on by the supervisor to perform unstructured tasks, to volunteer for extra work, and to take on additional responsibilities. Supervisors exchange personal and positional resources (inside information, influence in decision making, task assignment, job latitude, support, and attention) in return for subordinates’ performance on unstructured tasks. High LMX relationship achieves increased mutual trust, confidence, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, common bonds, open communication, independence respect, rewards recognition and hence benefits both the organisation and the employee. Recognizing the existence of the in-group and out-group, could be discriminating against the out-group thus affecting employee turnover based on bad-quality LMX and job dissatisfaction. This is because members of ‘out-group’ Example of an organization that has successfully used this theory is ‘E-Myth Worldwide’

Smuggling Of Nuclear Material Essay -- essays research papers

Smuggling of Nuclear Material Over the past five years the former states of the Soviet Union haven't been able to prevent the leakage of nuclear material. Nuclear materials and technologies are more accessible now than at any other time in history, due to the breakup of the Soviet Union and the worsening of economic conditions. No longer does the Soviet KGB, the Soviet military and the Soviet border guards have the control to stop the smuggling of nuclear material's. With the Cold War being over, there is a huge stockpile of over 100 nuclear sites (See Appendix A). Russia, alone has an inventory of 1,300 tons of highly enriched uranium (HEU), and 165 tons of weapon usable plutonium. Such material is coming into high demand on the market. Terrorist, organized crime and countries with nuclear ambition, are high bid contenders for the material. The United States is also becoming involved for the safety of preventing a nuclear disaster. The U.S. has just begun their large task and with Russia's worsening economy, smuggling of nuclear material will continue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the Cold War the security of Soviet nuclear weapons and missile materials was based on a highly centralized military system and operating within a strong political authority. The workers back then where well disciplined and each individual new his/her role. The workers were among the best treated and loyal to the Russian military. They are now suffering hardships and are forced to scavenge anything to pay for their food, rent and social services.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A new trend is already occurring with some of the workers . There are those that will seek employment out of the nuclear field and in the commercial sector, where salaries are higher. Then the unfortunate who lose their jobs and find no work. The scarier thought is that the uncontempt people in Russia's nuclear complex with access to nuclear materials will sell themselves, to make a quick buck. Most suppliers of nuclear material, were insiders who had worked or were then working at nuclear research institutes or naval bases. Most perpetrators had no customers in hand but new that a quick profit existed (See Appendix B).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first confirmed case involving the diversion of HEU occurred at the Luch Scientific Production Association in Podolsk. Between May and September of... ...;  Ã‚  Ã‚  The smuggling of nuclear material out of Russia has become proratable to the low income worker as well as to the benefit of terrorist, organism crime and nuclear research centers. There exist no security at most of the nuclear facilities and so apprehending the material is quit easy. More cases of unsuccessful attempts are becoming known to the media, but any successful attempts the government, both Russia and the U.S have decline to answer. If left unchecked it may even escalate to the complex level of drug smuggling. Work Cited List   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thomas B. Cochran, Robert S. Norriss, Making the Russian Bomb: From Stalin to Yelsin, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Deutch,  ³The Threat of Nuclear Diversion Statement for Record, ² CIA, March 20, 1996.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alexei Lebedev, in  ³Russian Weapons Plutonium Storage Termed Unsafe by Minatom Official, ² Nucleonics Week, April 28, 1994.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Weclliam C. Potter,  ³Arms Control Today, ² Monterey Institute of Internation Studies, October 1995. Paul Woessner,  ³Nuclear Material Trafficking: An Interim Assessment,  ³ Bridgeway