Advantages of Democracy Essay

Democracy can provide for changes in government without violence. In a democracy, power can be transferred from one party to another by means of elections. The jurisdiction of the citizens of a nation determines its ruling authority. Moreover, any government is bound by an election term after which it has to compete against other parties to regain authority. This system prevents monopoly of the ruling authority. The ruling party has to make sure it works for its people for it cannot remain being the authority after completing its term unless re-elected by the people. This brings in a feeling of obligation towards the citizens. The ruling authorities owe their success in the elections to the citizens of the nation. This results in a feeling of gratefulness towards the people. It can serve as their motivation to work for the people for it is the common masses that have complete power over choosing their government. Another important advantage of democracy is that the people gain a sens e of participation in the process of choosing their government. They get the opportunity to voice their opinions by means of electoral votes. This gives rise to a feeling of belongingness in the minds of the people towards their society. Disadvantages of Democracy In a democratic nation, it is the citizens who hold the right to elect their representatives and their governing authorities. According to a common observation, not all the citizens are fully aware of the political scenario in their country. The common masses may not be aware of the political issues in society. This may result in people making the wrong choices during election. As the government is subject to change after every election term, the authorities may work with a short-term focus. As they have to face an election after the completion of each term, they may lose focus on working for the people and rather focus on winning elections. Another disadvantage of democracy is that mobs can influence people. Citizens may vote in favor of a party under the influence of the majority. Compelled or influenced by the philosophies of those around, a person may not voice his/her true opinion. Every form of government is bound to have some shortfalls. Different people have different views about the various political systems. Egypt The politics of Egypt is based on republicanism, with a semi-presidential system of government. Following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, and the  resignation ofPresident Hosni Mubarak, executive power was assumed by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, which dissolved the parliament and suspended the constitution. In 2014, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi was elected as Egypt’s seventh President Egyptian parties like the Muslim Brotherhood may derive short-term benefits from the fall of regional dictatorships, much of the blame for their support can be ascribed to the authoritarianism of the last sixty years. Nasser and Sadat comes across as too sympathetic, while his assumption that the authoritarian political structure from 1952 onwards enabled Egypt’s leader to avoid a more hard-line foreign policy stance is dubious.

Central Cogenital Hypoventilation Syndrome

Central Congenital Hypoventilation Syndrome What is CCHS? Many people around the world stop breathing when they go to sleep. Why? It’s because they have a syndrome called Central Congenital Hypoventilation Syndrome or Ondine’s Curse. What is this? Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare syndrome, present from birth, and is defined as the failure of automatic control of breathing.. Some may only have apnea when asleep, but in some severe cases they may experience apnea while awake.About 300 children worldwide have this syndrome. History: In a French folktale, a nymph named Ondine was a water goddess. Like all nymphs and mermaids, if they was to fall in love with a mortal and bears his child, then they would age like a mortal. Meaning they would lose their everlasting beauty. Ondine ends falling in love with a mortal, and a year into the marriage, she bears a son. Then Ondine finds out that the mortal has been unfaithful with his former fiance. Ondine puts a curse on him, saying for so long he is wake, he shall breathe.But if he shall ever fall into sleep, breathe will desert him. This is where the name Ondine’s curse is from. Causes: CCHS is caused by mutations of the PHOX2B gene. The PHOX2B gene provided instructions for making a protein that acts early in development to help promote the formation of nerve cells and regulate the process by which the neurons mature to carry out specific functions. 90 percent of cases of CCHS result from new mutations in the PHOX2B gene. Children who have CCHS there is no history in their family of this syndrome.CCHS is exhibited typically as a congenital disorder, but in rare can result from severe brain or spinal trauma, which can result from automobile accident, stroke or as a complication of neurosurgery. In one case a woman was diagnosed with CCHS because of her chronic alcoholism. Symptoms: Some symptoms that victims may experience are: shallow breathing, night apnea, brain damage, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, acidosis, and dysphagia. It may cause hirschsprung disease or neuroblastoma.Hypoxemia is an abnormally low concentration of oxygen in the blood. Hypercapnia is the physical condition of having the presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood. Acidosis is an excessively acid condition of the body fluids or tissues. Dysphagia is condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful. Hirschsprung disease involves an enlargement of the colon, caused by bowel obstruction. Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor composed of neuroblasts, most commonly in the adrenal gland Treatment:If an infant is suspected to have CCHS a sleep study is ordered and performed to determine how server the breathing difficulty is. Cardiac and neurological examinations are done to rule out any other type of disorder. Early diagnosis is prominent because if not caught the infant’s oxygen level will keep decrease until the child cannot breathe on their own. One diagnosed the child will either be on a respirator (ventilator) while asleep or other may be on the respirator for 24 hours day. To use the respirator individuals will have to have a tracheotomy performed.Tracheotomy is a surgical operation that creates an opening into the trachea with a tube inserted to provide a passage for air. Some infants may have a surgical implant in the diaphragm muscle can allow electrical stimulation of the muscle to control breathing. Mistakes are made: Many children are diagnosed with a different disease or syndrome when they actually have CCHS. Infants with CCHS may be mistakenly thought to have heart defects. Some infants that have unrecognized CCHS may die and be thought to have SIDS or Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.Children with CCHS: Children with CCHS can live a normal life. They can go to school, go out with friends, or hang out with family just like other kids. The only real precaution children with CCHS has to be supervised while there i n the bathtub or pool. They may â€Å"forget† to breathe while underwater. This may cause them to breathe in some water. Central Congenital Hypoventilation Syndrome is a lifelong syndrome. If children with CCHS is treated right their life expectancy will not be alter. They can live a full healthy life.

Adam and Eve Creation Essay Example for Free

Adam and Eve Creation Essay ? The Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living being.† (Genesis 2:7). The Hebrew for man is pronounced aw-dawm, from which Adam is derived. It’s also related to aw-dawm-ah, which means red earth, or red clay – indicating the natural earth elements that composed Adam’s body, and the body of every human being since. â€Å"The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden [see Where Was The Garden Of Eden?] to work it and take care of it. † (Genesis 2:15). Adam wasn’t going to lead an idle life – he had a job right from his first day. For a little while, Adam was the only human being in existence (imagine being the only person on an entire planet!). â€Å"The Lord God said, â€Å"It is not good for the man to be all alone.† (Genesis 2:18) â€Å"So The Lord God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep; and while he was sleeping, He took one of the man’s ribs and closed up the place with flesh. Then The Lord God made a woman from the rib. He had taken out of the man, and He brought her to the man. The man said, â€Å"This is now bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called ‘woman,’ for she was taken out of man.† For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become one flesh.† (Genesis 2:21-24) Eve’s original name, when translated, meant simply â€Å"woman,† (a â€Å"female man†) just as Adam was known simply as â€Å"man† (a â€Å"male man†). He called her â€Å"woman,† and she called him â€Å"man.† Later, â€Å"Adam named his wife Eve, because she would become the mother of all the living.† (Genesis 3:20). Eve is derived from the Hebrew word which means life-giving. Eventually, besides Cain And Abel, they had Seth (Genesis 5:3), and numerous other children (Genesis 5:4). â€Å"So God created man in His Own Image, in The Image of God He created him; male and female He created them. God blessed them and said to them, â€Å"Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and over every living creature that moves on the ground.† Then God said, â€Å"I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food. And to all the beasts of the earth and all the birds of the air and all the creatures that move on the ground – everything that has the breath of life in it – I give every green plant for food.† And it was so. God saw all that he had made, and it was very good. And there was evening, and there was morning – the sixth day.† (Genesis 1:27-31). (see The Seven Days Of Creation) Adam and Eve had a perfect life in Eden. That is, until That Old Serpent slithered in. Fact Finder: What was God’s command to Adam (Eve had not yet been created) regarding a certain two trees in the Garden of Eden? Genesis 2:16-17 Adam and Eve Creation. (2016, Nov 13).

Supertrends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Supertrends - Essay Example 27). Del Pilar and Udasco (2004) further define deculturation as a situation "in which the people involved fail to acculturate to the dominant society and also fail to retain their own cultural identity" (p. 170). In the United States, both definitions seem to apply. On the one hand, we have many people coming into the country who feel they have to "give up" their culture in order to "fit in." Also, the United States has had an influx of Mexican Americans to such an extent that it has become the second most spoken language (Hochmuth, 2001, p. 1). Young (2008) suggests that deculturation and acculturation work together depending on when an individual enters another country. He suggests that "as new learning occurs, deculturation or unlearning of at least some of the old cultural elements has to occur.." (p. 360). This suggests that deculturation is something that is going on all the time when someone comes into a new place. As a Registered Nurse, I can see this happening daily because of the influx of people coming into the hospital. We have seen more Mexican people and many from the Middle East. This has created an opportunity for the hospital to bring in additional staff who speak Spanish and other languages to have more people on call who can interpret for us. My family has been affected because my children go to school with a more diverse group of children than they used to because of so many different people coming into the country. They have learned a little Spanish because of it and they are more curious about other peoples cultures. Cornish suggests that an individual can experience deculturation without leaving their native country. He says that "a new culture takes over much of their homeland †¦ " (Cornish, p. 28). This feeling is what is happening to many Americans because they feel that they are being replaced. Manicus (n.d.) saw this phenomenon when he studied deculturation in Hawaii. He suggests that in

Application of Descriptive Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Application of Descriptive Statistics - Essay Example One of the applications of descriptive statistics is in grouping of large sets of data for easy understanding of trend. The case of Diamler that includes transactions in large numbers of vehicles for instance requires summaries that group sets of data for clarity. Frequency distribution tables and histograms groups data and illustrate frequencies of each group of data. Yearly demand for a particular brand of vehicle that can be grouped by seasons or months allows the company to determine the trends in seasonality of demands for its products. As a producer, frequency distribution tables, graphs and histograms helps the company to predict trend and hence determine its production capacity. This facilitates on time demand production and help to save costs of storing stock. Similarly, frequency distribution by geographical markets helps the company to understand the market capacity. This is useful in making decisions over distribution of the company’s products in its markets. These analyses help the company to make informed decision of its trend in supply (Ross, p. 10-17; Daimler, p. 1). Measures of central tendencies are other descriptive statistics that facilitates business ‘decision-making’ processes. The mean, for example, illustrates the average values recorded over a subject in a given period. Its application in Daimler is realized through average demand for different vehicle brands across seasons. Among other factors, understanding mean distribution facilitates decisions on production capacity in order to meet the market’s demand without underproduction or underproduction. The mode, another descriptive statistics, defines the highest frequency in grouped data. The company uses it to identify peak seasons and locations for demand of each of its vehicle brands. This helps the company to maximize on its market by availing sufficient stock in its markets (Mimmack and Meyer, p. 10- 19). Standard deviation

Tttoos as regulr spect of consumer culture Essay

Tttoos as regulr spect of consumer culture - Essay Example ContemporÐ °ry world is experiencing whÐ °t some cÐ °ll Ð ° second "tÐ °ttoo renÐ °issÐ °nce" (DeMello, 2000:58). Ð s pÐ °rt of this revolution in the populÐ °r culturÐ °l significÐ °nce of tÐ °ttooed flesh, tÐ °ttooing is Ð °scending to unprecedented levels of populÐ °rity Ð °mong Ð ° vÐ °st Ð °rrÐ °y of sociÐ °l groups.Ð  long-stÐ °nding symbol cÐ °lled "body project" (Shilling, 1993:18) is now Ð ° floÐ °ting signifier of Ð ° full pÐ °norÐ °mÐ ° of sociÐ °l stÐ °tuses, roles Ð °nd identities. The tÐ °ttoo is blossoming Ð °s Ð ° polysemic symbol of mÐ °ny countries, Ð °nd is Ð °ctively inserted into the identity politics of Ð ° melÐ °nge of Ð °ctors. Even though tÐ °ttoo enthusiÐ °sts promulgÐ °te pro-sociÐ °l constructions of the Ð °ct, mÐ °ny do not wish tÐ °ttooing to Ð °chieve widespreÐ °d culturÐ °l Ð °cceptÐ °nce. In feÐ °ring the tÐ °ttoo will trÐ °nsform into Ð ° vÐ °cuous culturÐ °l commodity through its common usÐ °ge (Ð °nd quickly forgotten Ð °s Ð ° pÐ °sse trend), enthusiÐ °sts stress how tÐ °ttooing is too good for most people. For these people, the historicÐ °lly deviÐ °nt nÐ °ture of the prÐ °ctice is Ð °lluring, exciting Ð °nd chic. Given the ongoing diversificÐ °tion in the culturÐ °l uses of tÐ °ttooing Ð °nd some of the sensitizing theoreticÐ °l principles outlined Ð °bove, sociÐ °l scientists might recÐ °librÐ °te our understÐ °ndings of the sociÐ °l interdependencies Ð °nd Ð °ffective communicÐ °tions embedded in tÐ °ttoos. ... Even fewer juxtpose the booming populrity of tttooing ginst culturl prescriptions to engge in style of body work underpinned by the impetus to disply one's individulism to others. Theorists regulrly ignore whether tttooing my be prt of wht White nd Young refer to s the estblished "middle-clss body scetic," (Shilling, 1993:18) or wht Monghn (2001:330) describes s "vibrnt physiclity." In relted medicl nd epidemiologicl reserch, tttooing is ttributed to youth impetuousness nd irrtionlit. Tttooing indictes immturity mong t-risk youth nd is correlted with other forms of self-hrm such s physicl ggressiveness, promiscuity, substnce buse nd suicide. ccordingly, enthusists exhibit pucity of foresight in their behviours, prefer physicl expression over cognitive or verbl, nd demonstrte feelings of socil inferiority through unhygienic nd physiclly dngerous ptterns of ction. To voluntrily inflict pin on one's body nd mr the skin with everlsting symbols of impurity is described s overtly ntisocil. Such interprettions ring with Judeo-Christin understndings of the body s scred home, nd legitimte Western-scientific theories bout tttoo enthusism prevlent since the turn of the 19th century (tkinson, 2003:92). Sociologicl nlyses of tttooing produce slightly broder spectrum of interprettion thn psychologicl-medicl. Yet despite DeMello's (2000:61) pth-breking nlyses of tttooing s contextul nd negotited signifier of identity, sociologicl sttements on the culturl use of tttoos ultimtely (re)produce conceptuliztion of the prctice s contr-normtive. The symbiotic reltionship between tttooing nd illegl behviour (or otherwise unconventionl lifestyles) still domintes in sociologicl reserch.

Research Paper Analysis of Newspaper Research Report Results Essay

Research Paper Analysis of Newspaper Research Report Results - Essay Example Sampling method: Sample can be defined as the representative group of the population. The sample size of the study was 3, 639. Two types of sampling method were used to select cases for the survey. In the first phase, a few colleges of different stated of the USA were selected by applying quota sampling and subsequently the respondents were selected at random without any bias from those selected colleges. can, as the term suggests, have only one possible answer. Perhaps the most typical of these is the dichotomous question that has just two possible options "yes" or "no". Many attitudinal questions are single response in that respondents have to choose where they sit on a predetermined scale. They have to choose one response code that reflects their thoughts. Multiple response questions allow the respondent to offer more than one answer to a question (Hague, 2004). Key survey questions included whether the students had been prescribed or had used without a prescription opioids, stimulants, sleeping aids (sedatives), or anxiety medicines. To determine if students abused drugs, the researcher relied on questions that asked whether the students had experienced drug-related problems like engaging in illegal activities to obtain drugs, having withdrawal symptoms, or developing medical problems due to drug use. Questionnaire administration: The questionnaire was sent to the selected colleges and afterwards the college authority made available the questionnaire on their college homepage and urged the students to take part in the survey. Analysis of data: The data was analyzed using SPSS. The demographics of the respondents were analyzed. A distributing table of the data was created with data range. And afterwards, various tools of central tendency like mean, median were applied to the collected data. The null hypothesis of the study was "College students using prescription drugs without a prescription are not prone to drug abuse" and the alternate hypothesis was "College students using prescription drugs without a prescription are prone to drug abuse" Findings: According to the results of the survey, 59.9% of the cases reported that they medically used at least one of the four drugs with a prescription. About 20% of the respondents reported taking them without a prescription for non-medical reasons. 39.7% of the college students who took part in the survey reported that they had used the drugs only by prescription. 4.4% of the cases of the study reported to have used medications, but were not prescribed them. 15.8% of the respondents who participated in the web survey reported using some medications, both with and without prescriptions. The researcher also found that students who reported using drugs without prescriptions were more likely to screen positive for drug abuse compared to students who never used them or who had only used them for medical reasons. The findings can be summed up as below: Parentage Explanation 59.9% Reported medically using at least one of t

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 13

Project Management - Essay Example An ineffective project planning can lead to a lot of risk management since, the processes such as monitoring and coordination lacks much seriousness. Therefore, importance of project management in organizations is a vital factor in the realization of the firm’s objectives and targets. A good project management leads to the business services of an organization gaining a lot of advantage, which appears through good attainment of goals, utilization of optimal resources and the making of informed business decisions. Another importance is that, a competitive advantage takes toll through an energized workforce through the execution and collaboration of a business culture, which, ensures the customers are satisfied fully. A well planned and a systematic project management plan can create a source of the organization’s tangible profits. Another importance is that, top management is able to attain exact and accurate timely data for the purposes of making informed decisions in business related matters. The project management cycle undergoes a five-step approach; they are initiation, planning, execution, monitoring/control and closure. Initiation is a process involving the giving of an overview of how the project looks like, and the strategy implemented in the organizations plan. This is done to achieve the desired results and in addition, it is where a project manager is appointed to guide the rest of project members due to his or her experience and skills. Planning is the second step, which includes risk assessment alongside defining the system used in order complete the plan. Execution and control are the third and fourth step respectively, which involves planning a solution used for the implementation of solving problems noted in the requirements of a project. Closure, which is the fifth and last step, involves a manager ensuring the

Selling kidney illegally Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Selling kidney illegally - Essay Example This is why there is a rising demand for kidneys. That a black market in illegal kidney selling exists cannot be denied but it does so because supply from legal sources is unable to keep up with the rising demand nowadays. There are long waiting lists and many people are left with no choice but to seek kidneys from the abundant illegal sources. The problem is that this has become an affair that is unregulated. As a result, racketing is proliferating, the conditions under which the illegal transplants take place are usually highly risky, the poor in particular are exploited, and numerous other problems prevail. The only solution is regulations, which will be argued for in detail. We shall also cite the story of Moshe, a victim of the black market, and consider the experience of Iran, where the practice is legal, as a model. Unfortunately, this demand for kidneys cannot be met as long as kidney selling remains illegal. Officially conducted transplants are the only legal option but there is a shortage in the available number of willing donors. There are long waiting lines for people that need a new kidney transplant, and according to UNOS, the waiting list for kidney donations is the longest organ-specific waiting list. The number of patients on the U.S. waiting list reached â€Å"97,670 as of Dec. 31, 2007†¦ an increase of nearly 84 percent in 10 years†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Medical News Today) The wait does not end quickly either, and according to a Harvard Medical School report, the average waiting time between listing and transplantation is projected to be nearly 10 years by 2010 (Gaston, 2003). Also, whilst people are waiting their health is ailing, and deaths are not rare. For example, â€Å"In 2007, nearly 6,000 people died while on the waiting list†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (ibid) So the wait is not only long , but also in many cases can prove to be fatal. The demand for kidneys is so great that a black market thrives to fulfill it. But it is unregulated and not without

Balcony and monument scenes Essay Example for Free

Balcony and monument scenes Essay Write about the effectiveness of Shakespeares imagery in The Banquet, Balcony and Monument Scenes of Romeo and Juliet That which we call a rose by any other word would smell as sweet. Shakespeare uses imagery and metaphors throughout Romeo and Juliet to great effect. By using language, instead of props or backdrops to produce a vivid picture, he is engaging the audience more and making them think for themselves. This dramatic technique is used to the best effect in the Banquet, Balcony and Monument scenes, when portraying Romeo and Juliets love. The Banquet scene is the first time Romeo sees Juliet, so the language used has to make a big impact so as to convey to the Elizabethan audience that this is true love, in contrast with Romeos infatuation with Rosaline. O she doth teach the torches to burn bright. Shakespeare uses alliteration on teach the torches and burn bright to make Romeos words sound more beautiful and poetic, ideally like a sonnet. The words are coincidently very much like one of Shakespeares sonnets, Sonnet 21, where he contrasts light with dark. Shakespeare uses this same comparison throughout the play to convey emotions, foreshadow tragedy and express the stages of the young love to the audience. In a way, Romeo and Juliets devotion is like light against the dark background of feuding families. By claiming that Juliet is brighter than any other torch, Romeo is directly comparing her to other girls, in particular Rosaline. When Romeo speaks of Rosaline, he uses the language of Elizabethan courtly love. All his feelings are quite contained in comparison to the poetic imagery he uses upon seeing Juliet for the first time. He says about Rosaline Shes fair I love, which in Shakespeares time was the sort of language one would use when describing their love. However, Romeo describes Juliets beauty as too rich for use and later claims that he neer saw true beauty till this night. The audience knows straight away that this is true love. But the audience is also aware of the fact that this love is doomed, and there is some irony in a number of Romeos lines. Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear. This suggests that Juliet is out of Romeos reach, which, being a Capulet, she is. He is also comparing her to an angel or heavenly creature, which he does throughout the play. This is Shakespeares way of showing that although these are young lovers, they are very spiritual too. The idea that she belongs to heaven because she is too good for earth builds up a feeling of unease and sadness in the audience, as they know she is going to die and therefore will not belong to the Earth anymore. This spiritual imagery is used when the lovers exchange their first words. Romeo tries to entice Juliet by referring to her as his holy shrine and to his lips as two blushing pilgrims. This shows Romeo to be a more sensitive and poetic character, which makes the audience, and Juliet, fall in love with him. By referring to her as his holy shrine he is showing the audience that he idolises her, and sees himself as lowly compared to her beauty. This speech between them is laid out in sonnet form. Sonnets are generally about love, which emphasises to the audience that Romeo and Juliet are in love. It also contributes to Romeos poetic image. Upon walking home later that evening, Romeo decides he has to see Juliet again. He finds his way into her garden and stands by the balcony. Romeo sees Juliet at her window. He exaggerates the pale flicker of the candlelight to describe it as the East. But soft, what light through yonder window breaks? It is the east and Juliet is the sun. Shakespeare is using Romeos dialogue to light the stage. He puts a clear image into the audiences minds. Again Romeo is comparing Juliet to light; this time the sun, the brightest light of all. This is his poetic way of declaring that she is the brightest and most beautiful of girls. It also signifies how very important she is to him, as the sun is imperative to everyday life. The light from Juliets window is said to break through. This could imply a breakthrough in Romeos love life; he has found his soul mate. In the Balcony scene Shakespeare uses language about the moon to help create a scene in the audience members mind. This means they are more involved in the play, and can imagine themselves there in the moonlight. Arise fair sun and kill the envious moon, Who is already sick and pale with grief That thou her maid art far more fair than she. It is interesting that Romeo compares Juliets beauty to the moon here, as he has just described her as his sun. In mythology, Diana, the Goddess of the moon, is served by virgin maids. Being a virgin, Juliet is depicted as one of these maids, but Romeo believes that Diana is jealous of Juliets beauty. He asks her to stop serving the moon, and therefore stop being a virgin and become his lover instead. This shows Romeo is passionate in a sexual way about Juliet, which would be quite exciting to an Elizabethan audience member, as sex was not as commonly talked about as it is now. The fact that the moon is sick and pale with grief could be foreshadowing future grief for the couple. By asking the sun to arise, Romeo is wishing the day to come, therefore reminding the audience that it is night. When Romeo decides to reveal himself to Juliet she, feeling embarrassed and shocked, asks him who he is. Of course he has recently discovered she is the daughter of his familys enemy, and feels his name is hurtful to her. By a name I know not how to tell thee who I am. My name, dear saint, is hateful to myself,Because it is an enemy to thee. Romeo and Juliet strongly believe in their names being a now unwanted allegiance to their family. Despite the fact that their names are just words, both of the star crossed lovers feel they are chains, locking them to their families, and keeping them away from each other. Again he refers to Juliet as a saint. This would seem high praise to an audience of very religious Elizabethans. In Shakespearean times, exploring was very popular and a lot of new lands were being found. Because travel was not as easy then as it is now, and the knowledge of the world was not as advanced, exploring new lands was very exciting and appealing to the Elizabethans, which was why it was a popular subject matter and why Shakespeare used it throughout the play. I am no pilot, yet wert thou as far, As that vast shore washed with the farthest sea, I should adventure for such merchandise. The word adventure is used here because in the Elizabethan times, international traders were known as Merchant adventurers. It also suggests that Romeo finds his and Juliets love very exciting, as adventure is usually associated with new and exciting things. Shakespeares use of imagery to convey Romeos love as a new found land helps to set a picture in the audiences minds of a far off tropical shore. In Shakespeares time there would not have been a lot of back drops and flats setting the stage, so it would be up to the audience to imagine their own scenery, and up to the playwright to use the correct language to stimulate these thoughts. Romeo describes himself being hidden from the eyes of Juliets guards and family. I have nights cloak to hide me from their eyes. Again Shakespeare is using light and dark to set a scene for the audience. His actors would not have had the electrical lighting actors have now, so he would have to create moods and light by using words. Romeo is telling the audience it is dark, so it is easier to imagine. This contrast is used a lot in the monument scene too. When Romeo hears that Juliet is dead he goes to the tomb where she is said to be. After killing Paris he looks at Juliet for the last time. He describes the days they spent together as A lightning before death, because it was believed in those days that before somebody died, they would seem very well and happy temporarily. This is the contrast between light and dark again, which adds mood to the scene; the audience knows Romeo is deeply saddened by the sudden death of Juliet and, because of this, so are they. The word lightning makes you think of lightning as in a quick flash. Their romance was very sudden and over quickly, but very enlightening all the same. Romeo mentions Juliets beauty despite her death too, especially concentrating on her lips and cheeks. Beautys ensign yet Is crimson in thy lips and in thy cheeks Romeo talks about Juliets beauty a lot throughout the play. In the balcony scene he says The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars and then proclaims O that I were a cheek upon that hand. It is interesting how Romeo talks of Juliets cheeks so much. Perhaps Shakespeare is trying to link the two scenes together to show that Romeos love for Juliet was present from the beginning to the end of their relationship. He still felt the same for her when she was dead as he did when their love was blooming. I will raise her statue in pure gold Montague says this of Juliet in the last scene. Gold was a very expensive and prized material to the Elizabethan audience and so proves that Montague means well. It is a bit ironic that he is comparing her to a statue, because in the first scene Romeo and Juliet meet, the banquet scene, he describes her as a holy shrine. It is a very sad moment as the audience are reminded how happy the lovers used to be. The audience really benefits from Shakespeares imagery as it brings the play to life. It makes the words far more beautiful and the characters easier to relate to. Romeo seems more poetic and easier to fall in love with. Juliet appears to be intelligent and loving. Without the imagery the audience would not feel as involved with the plot, and would therefore not sympathise with the characters. The imagery heightens the emotions of the audience and confirms Romeo and Juliet as one a Shakespeares greatest tragedies.

In trinidad and tobago the spiraling crime situation

In trinidad and tobago the spiraling crime situation Introduction In Trinidad and Tobago the spiraling crime situation has been committed predominately by young males. This study focuses on the relationship between the violence in schools and the crime situation in the wider society in Trinidad. By curbing school violence it will greatly reduce the criminal activities occurring in society. Studies have shown that young minds are easier to mould rather than adult minds. This strategy is a proactive measure in the reduction in the level of crime in society. Violence in schools has been a reflection of on the level of crime in the society in Trinidad. Early research has shown that Trinidad was a crime free country, a paradise, where crime was not a concern. Today, crime is the number one problem which faces the government and people of Trinidad and Tobago. The escalating crime rate in the country affects the economy (investments, business, tourism), society well being and safety. Violence in school was not seen as a contributing factor for crime among male students. The point in focus is the supervision of young male secondary students from the age of twelve to seventeen (12-17) years which is lacking at their homes and at schools over the years. Review of literature School violence in Trinidad have become a serious problem with most recent out breaks of violence among rival schools in El Dorado especially where weapons such as guns or knives are involved. It incorporates violence among school students as well as physical attacks by students on the school staff members. The latest incident of school violence in Trinidad was in November where two secondary school students were stabbed to death by fellow students on separate occasions. Four students from the age of twelve to seventeen (12-17) years from secondary schools are in police custody at present for these murders. Due to the escalating crime situation in Trinidad and Tobago the Government seeks to identify and implement both proactive and reactive strategies in combating crime. By analyzing the lives of male criminals and their physiological development at the age of twelve to seventeen (12-17) years we can minimize the likelihood of them becoming criminals. By analyzing the students family situations, their discontentment with education, parental involvement, the physiological influence by violence in the media and effect of poverty we can determine the likelihood of students becoming violent. Many of them are from single parent families most often without fathers and with working mothers. A recent study suggest that Teens from single-parent or stepparent homes are more likely to commit a school crime (possess, use or distribute alcohol or drugs; possess a weapon; assault a teacher, administrator or another student) than teens from intact homes. (Orr 41) The current Euro-centric education system does not provide young people with the imperative paraphernalia, discipline and self awareness to survive in the world today. After many years, some children in the public schools are allowed to pass through the school system without gaining a proper education. However, these students find themselves as a social drain on the economy being unemployed, unaccepted and unsuited to society. These persons have a lack of self confidence and find themselves in a total failure syndrome with no way out and nowhere to turn. They in turn hate the education system that did this to them. In their limited reasoning capability they feel that revenge is the only way of curbing their downfall and resorts to violent behavior. Patricia Neufeld conducted an experiment proving that parent involvement causes the reduction of aggression in students to become violent. The experiment concluded that parental involvement was positively correlated with positive student attitudes towards schools and negatively correlated with problem behaviors such as school violence and aggression (Neufeld). Parents who are aware of how their children feel about school can assist them in solving the problems that they may be facing before these children become violent (Neufeld). A child whose parents are readily available for him/her is less likely to hold resentment towards their parents, and take their aggression out on classmates at school. Parents need to be more involved in their childrens lives and become familiar with their feelings to decrease the animosity that their children feel towards them, so that anger is not brought to school the environment. Violence in schools has risen from one-on-one hand fights for personal disagreements to all-out, deadly weapon assaults on innocent lives for no good reasons. This is due to the effects of the society, media content, video games and other factors, especially movies and television. The violence shown on recent movies portrays gruesome acts by criminal minds. This is in such detail that we feel and see all angles of the crime. The news media broadcast murders, serious crimes and other heinous activities on a daily basis. These broadcast has become commonplace in the everyday society as it is so frequent. Forty years ago a fist-fight between two individuals was an uncommon and extreme violent act in schools. However, at the present time extreme violence is shown so prominently and graphically every day, however, the escalation in school violence by the impressionable youth who look and copy from it should follow that direction. The effects of poverty on the student would enable them to commit acts of violence on order to appease the lack of financial stability at home. Students that generally grow up in repressed areas such as Betham Gardens in Trinidad may be likely to commit acts of violence. Studies have shown that the lower socioeconomic class is more likely to engage in criminal activity than those who are financially well-off. The economic inequality which exists in Trinidad is a major contributor to numerous criminal issues. Methodology This study would be based on the effects of violence among young male secondary school students from the age of twelve to seventeen (12-17) years in Trinidad and the tendency to commit crimes. It would involve a cross sectional survey. Eligible schools within the eight counties of Trinidad would form the sample frame. There are one hundred and four secondary schools with approximately twelve hundred children each, approximately half are males between the ages of twelve to seventeen (12-17) years. One in every three schools from each county would be chosen randomly. The police reports within the time frame of four years would be examined on the students that are being profiled. Preliminary Studies The Curepe Junior Secondary School was selected as the pilot test and of the survey. It was found that twenty six persons had violent conduct record at the school. Seven of them were arrested by the police custody two for serious crimes and the other five for petty crimes. County Number of Schools Number of Schools selected St. David St. George St. Andrew Caroni Nariva Mayaro Victoria St. Patrick 3 34 6 20 6 7 12 16 1 11 2 6 2 2 4 5 Total 104 33 The figures given above are used to illustrate the sampling method that would be applied. The thirty three schools (33) were chosen using the stratified random sampling method. The instrument that would be used for the survey is a questionnaire, police criminal records and schools records from the Ministry of Education. The questionnaire would contain questions on age, ethnicity, family status, area of residence, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, drug use, gang affiliation, educational status and potential aggression. All male secondary school students between the ages of twelve to seventeen (12-17) years old with records of violent conduct from January 2005 to January 2009 would be surveyed by way of questionnaire. These students names would be cross reference with that of the Police Criminal Records to indicate the number of persons involve in serious crimes. These students will be selected from the school records at the Ministry of Education with permission from the Minister of Education responsible for all schools in Trinidad, also from the Minister of National Security responsible for violence and crime. The ethical issues raised were that the privacy of students record was reviewed in order to carry out the exercise. The parents of students, students and principals of schools were assured that the information would be kept confidential by way of a sworn document. However, person who refused to take part in the survey and persons who do not return the questionnaire will simply not be considered. The information collected through the survey would be inputted into a computer system where the statistical analysis will be performed using a computer program (SPSS). This program would give the results which would show the relationship between violence among young male secondary students from the age of twelve to seventeen (12-17) years and the escalated crime situation present in Trinidad. The results obtained from this analysis would be use to see if the hypothesis stands of should be rejected. Recommendations and Conclusion Based on the results obtained from the study, conclusions can be made with respect to the relationship between violence among young male secondary students from the age of twelve to seventeen (12-17) years and the escalated crime situation present in Trinidad. This study can be extended to the wider Caribbean. Survey Questionnaire -Please tick the box corresponding to your response: -Please write on line space provided. Name of School†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Name†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Age:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date of Birth†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Ethnicity: African Indian Chinese Mix Other How much quality time do your parents/ guardians spend with you? A lot Fair amount Minimal None Living With: Both Parents Single Parent (Father) Single Parent (Mother) Grandparents Step parents Living Standard: Rich Middleclass Poor Do you: Smoke Cigarettes Use Drugs Drink Alcohol Are you affiliated with a gang: Yes No Have you ever been arrested by the police Yes No Is there domestic violence at your home: Yes No What is your standard of school work: Excellent Very Good Good Fair Poor How quickly do you become aggressive: Easily Moderate Rarely On a scale of 1 to 10 how do you rank the stress level experienced daily at home? On a scale of 1 to 10 how do you rank the stress level experienced daily at school? Have any of your parents or other family members been involved in serious crimes? Yes No Bibliography Donald Orr, Premature Sexual Activity as an Indicator of Psychosexual Risk, Pediatrics, 87:2, Feb. 1991, 141-7, as cited in Free Teens Deciding Your Future multi-media presentation. Neufeld, Patricia School Violence Finding Solutions. www.123HelpMe.com. 25 Nov 2009 Harris, Chyrise â€Å"Alternatives to Profiling in Preventing SchoolViolence. †http://writing.colostate.edu/gallery/talkingback/v2.1/harris.htm. 25 Nov 2009